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邓正华, 林先鑫, 陈明强, 李有宁, 赵旺, 于刚, 刘芊, 黄桂菊, 王雨. 合浦珠母贝幼虫变态中的形态、器官变化及运动与摄食观察[J]. 水生生物学报, 2019, 43(5): 1072-1080. DOI: 10.7541/2019.126
引用本文: 邓正华, 林先鑫, 陈明强, 李有宁, 赵旺, 于刚, 刘芊, 黄桂菊, 王雨. 合浦珠母贝幼虫变态中的形态、器官变化及运动与摄食观察[J]. 水生生物学报, 2019, 43(5): 1072-1080. DOI: 10.7541/2019.126
DENG Zheng-Hua, LIN Xian-Xin, CHEN Ming-Qiang, LI You-Ning, ZHAO Wang, YU Gang, LIU Qian, HUANG Gui-Ju, WANG Yu. MORPHOLOGICAL AND ORGAN CHANGES, MOVEMENT AND FEEDING OBSERVATION IN THE METAMORPHOSIS OF THE LARVAE OF PINCTADA FUCATA[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2019, 43(5): 1072-1080. DOI: 10.7541/2019.126
Citation: DENG Zheng-Hua, LIN Xian-Xin, CHEN Ming-Qiang, LI You-Ning, ZHAO Wang, YU Gang, LIU Qian, HUANG Gui-Ju, WANG Yu. MORPHOLOGICAL AND ORGAN CHANGES, MOVEMENT AND FEEDING OBSERVATION IN THE METAMORPHOSIS OF THE LARVAE OF PINCTADA FUCATA[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2019, 43(5): 1072-1080. DOI: 10.7541/2019.126

合浦珠母贝幼虫变态中的形态、器官变化及运动与摄食观察

MORPHOLOGICAL AND ORGAN CHANGES, MOVEMENT AND FEEDING OBSERVATION IN THE METAMORPHOSIS OF THE LARVAE OF PINCTADA FUCATA

  • 摘要: 为揭示合浦珠母贝幼虫至稚贝生长发育过程中其外部形态变化及内部器官改变的内在规律, 掌握其形态和器官与运动和摄食行为之间的关联。在光学显微镜下对整个幼虫生长发育及变态过程中的外部形态、内部器官特征进行了系列观察和性状测量; 利用非线性回归参数拟合, 描述各形态性状生长特点及不同属性之间的联系; 观察不同发育阶段其运动与摄食过程。结果显示, 幼虫在正常生长过程中, 其壳长生长方式为加速正增长、壳高为减速正增长、绞合线长为加速负增长, 壳高相对于壳长的生长为快速生长、绞合线长相对于壳长为慢速生长。幼虫生长至壳长为(209.26±9.22) μm时, 内部器官发生改变, 面盘开始逐渐退化从而发育成鳃, 斧足逐渐形成; 壳长生长至(234.30±14.00) μm时, 次生壳开始长出, 外部形态逐渐向稚贝转变。稚贝阶段, 其鳃丝长、鳃丝间距和鳃丝数量相对于壳长的生长均表现为慢速生长。幼虫在水中的运动和摄食过程主要依靠面盘外周纤毛的摆动来完成, 俯视观幼虫绕不规则圆沿顺时针方向运动, 垂直观幼虫螺旋上升或下降。稚贝阶段, 依靠斧足的往复伸缩来完成爬行, 依靠鳃的过滤完成摄食。在幼虫变态过程中, 面盘退化至鳃具备滤食功能期间, 变态幼虫运动功能降低, 摄食能力丧失, 依靠自身能量储备来完成生长和器官发育, 这一过程是苗种培育中的重要关键点。

     

    Abstract: To reveal the characteristics of external morphology and internal organ during the growth and development of larvae to juveniles of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata and the relationship between morphology, organs and motion, ingestion behavior, optical microscopy was used for observations and nonlinear regression parameters were used for descriptions. The results showed that during the normally larval rearing, the growth of shell length was accelerated positi-vely, the growth of shell height was decelerated positively, the growth of hinge length was accelerated negatively, the growth of shell height was faster than that of the shell length, and the growth of hinge length was slower than that of the shell length. When the larvae grown to a shell length of (209.26±9.22) μm, the internal organs began to change, the velum gradually degene-rated and developed into a gill, and the foot gradually formed. when the shell length reached (234.30±14.00) μm, the secondary shell appeared and the external morphology gradually changed to the juvenile. In the juvenile stage, the growth of gill filament length, gill filament distance and number of gill filament were slower than that of shell length. The larvae swim and filter microalgae by beating their cilia. When swimming, the double shells on the top of the larvae opened the umbo toward the bottom, and the velum projecting from back of the shell is used to propel the body. Larvae swim around clockwise with a certain radius in the vertical direction with a spiral either rising or falling. In the juvenile stage, the reciprocating expansion of the foot and the filtration of the sputum conducted the crawling and the feeding, respectively. During the metamorphosis of larvae stage, the velum is degraded, the motor function of the metamorphosis larvae is reduced, the feeding function has disappeared, larvae relied on reserved energy to complete growth and organ development, which is an important step in larval rearing.

     

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