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邢迎春, 高婉茹, 白洁, 赵亚辉. 环境DNA在湖泊生物多样性研究中的应用[J]. 水生生物学报, 2022, 46(1): 137-148. DOI: 10.7541/2021.2020.237
引用本文: 邢迎春, 高婉茹, 白洁, 赵亚辉. 环境DNA在湖泊生物多样性研究中的应用[J]. 水生生物学报, 2022, 46(1): 137-148. DOI: 10.7541/2021.2020.237
XING Ying-Chun, GAO Wan-Ru, BAI Jie, ZHAO Ya-Hui. APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DNA IN LAKE BIODIVERSITY[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 46(1): 137-148. DOI: 10.7541/2021.2020.237
Citation: XING Ying-Chun, GAO Wan-Ru, BAI Jie, ZHAO Ya-Hui. APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DNA IN LAKE BIODIVERSITY[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 46(1): 137-148. DOI: 10.7541/2021.2020.237

环境DNA在湖泊生物多样性研究中的应用

APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DNA IN LAKE BIODIVERSITY

  • 摘要: 环境DNA(Environmental DNA, eDNA)可用于监测湖泊生物多样性, 该技术对湖泊生态环境破坏性小, 对于开展湖泊生态保护具有重要意义。湖泊流速较为缓慢, 相对于河流更容易富集DNA, 更适合于应用eDNA方法开展生物多样性研究。文章对eDNA在湖泊生物多样性上的应用进行了回顾, 综述了其实验设计, 分析了该技术存在的问题和未来发展前景。eDNA方法具有研究对象广, 从细菌、真核微生物到高等动植物, 样品类型为水和沉积物, 可针对单一物种或对多个物种进行同时检测等特点。eDNA实验技术包括样品采集和保存、DNA提取和检测。eDNA应用在湖泊生物多样性研究中仍面临着最佳实验方案不确定、污染、抑制反应、误差和错误及DNA分类数据库不完善等问题, 在未来还需要通过改进相关实验技术和发展DNA数据平台去解决相应困境。

     

    Abstract: Lake is indispensable part of inland water ecosystem, and China harbors numerous lakes with rich biodiversity. In recent years, the degradation of lakes severely lead to the decreasing of level of biodiversity. Therefore, lake biodiversity has always been a research hot-spot in limnology. All efforts to research on lake biodiversity essentially depend on monitoring species composition, population size and distribution. Such studies traditionally rely on morphological identification through biological specimen surveys, until to Environmental DNA (eDNA) arose. eDNA exists in the environmental samples such as water, soil and sediments. This feature makes eDNA to be a good indicator to monitor past and current biodiversity. Using molecular biology methods to monitor lake biodiversity is conducive to understanding the dynamic changes of lake ecosystems and is of great significance to the development of lake ecological protection. Compared to traditional investigation methods, eDNA is an non-invasive, efficient and easy to be standardized research approach. It especially doesn’t rely on experts’ experience and professional level of morphological classification. With the development of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology and emergence of eDNA metabarcoding, eDNA can be used as a supplement or alternative to traditional investigations. It is currently the most economical and effective method for lake biodiversity research. Lakes are easier to be enriched DNA owing to static water environment, therefore more suitable for applying eDNA methods to carry out their biodiversity researches. This article reviewed the application of eDNA in studies of the lake biodiversity. We also summarized the related experimental design, and analyzed challenges and prospects of this method. The application of eDNA in the lake biodiversity indicated characters of research objects from low-level organisms to high-level organisms. The samples are mainly water and sediments. By extracting ancient DNA from lake sediments, the lake history and the evolution of biodiversity have been studied; eDNA extracted from water samples can be used to understand the current aquatic biodiversity in the lake. The experimental technology of eDNA includes sampling and preservation, DNA extraction and detection. The three main aspects to determine quality of eDNA samples include suitable amount of samples, sampling methods and storage ways. eDNA can be used to detect specific taxa or multi-taxa based on PCR/qPCR with specific primer or meta-barcoding technology. The application of eDNA in lake biodiversity faces challenges such as lack of optimal experimental protocols, contamination, errors and imperfect taxa DNA database. In the future, the application of eDNA method needs to improve relevant experimental techniques and develop DNA database to solve the corresponding dilemmas. We recommend that human contamination and cross-contamination between samples should be avoided as much as possible during sampling. For the lack of database, we suggest establishing a regional eDNA database, conducting targeted data management and strengthening data sharing among various laboratories.

     

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