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谭禄奇, 周杨, 王苗苗, 杨承忠, 赵元莙. 葡萄碘泡虫、似葡萄碘泡虫和茄形碘泡虫的鉴别及系统发育[J]. 水生生物学报, 2022, 46(4): 545-554. DOI: 10.7541/2021.2021.087
引用本文: 谭禄奇, 周杨, 王苗苗, 杨承忠, 赵元莙. 葡萄碘泡虫、似葡萄碘泡虫和茄形碘泡虫的鉴别及系统发育[J]. 水生生物学报, 2022, 46(4): 545-554. DOI: 10.7541/2021.2021.087
TAN Lu-Qi, ZHOU Yang, WANG Miao-Miao, YANG Cheng-Zhong, ZHAO Yuan-Jun. IDENTIFICATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS ON MYXOBOLUS ACINOSU NIE & LI, 1973, MYXOBOLUS PSEUDOACINOSUS GUO, ET AL., 2018 AND MYXOBOLUS TOYAMAI KUDO, 1917[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 46(4): 545-554. DOI: 10.7541/2021.2021.087
Citation: TAN Lu-Qi, ZHOU Yang, WANG Miao-Miao, YANG Cheng-Zhong, ZHAO Yuan-Jun. IDENTIFICATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS ON MYXOBOLUS ACINOSU NIE & LI, 1973, MYXOBOLUS PSEUDOACINOSUS GUO, ET AL., 2018 AND MYXOBOLUS TOYAMAI KUDO, 1917[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 46(4): 545-554. DOI: 10.7541/2021.2021.087

葡萄碘泡虫、似葡萄碘泡虫和茄形碘泡虫的鉴别及系统发育

IDENTIFICATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS ON MYXOBOLUS ACINOSU NIE & LI, 1973, MYXOBOLUS PSEUDOACINOSUS GUO, ET AL., 2018 AND MYXOBOLUS TOYAMAI KUDO, 1917

  • 摘要: 葡萄碘泡虫Myxobolus acinosus Nie & Li, 1973、似葡萄碘泡虫Myxobolus pseudoacinosus Guo, et al., 2018和茄形碘泡虫Myxobolus toyamai Kudo, 1917形态非常相似, 有着共同的宿主和相同的寄生部位, 是病原鉴定中容易混淆的种。文章基于形态学和18S rRNA基因信息对三者进行了鉴别和分子系统学研究。成熟孢子形态特征的比较分析显示, 三者形态存在显著差异。葡萄碘泡虫与似葡萄碘泡虫18S rDNA序列相似度为98.4—98.8%, 遗传距离为0.013—0.020; 葡萄碘泡虫与茄形碘泡虫18S rDNA序列相似度为96.1—97.2%, 遗传距离为0.038—0.042; 似葡萄碘泡虫和茄形碘泡虫18S rDNA序列相似度为96.4—97.6%, 遗传距离为0.033—0.040。18S rDNA序列比对显示, 葡萄碘泡虫含有15个关键变异位点, 可将该虫与似葡萄碘泡虫和茄形碘泡虫区分; 似葡萄碘泡虫含有5个关键变异位点, 可将该虫与葡萄碘泡虫和茄形碘泡虫区分; 茄形碘泡虫含有33个关键变异位点可将该虫与葡萄碘泡虫和似葡萄碘泡虫区分。18S rRNA二级结构V4区的E23-2构型可将葡萄碘泡虫与似葡萄碘泡虫和茄形碘泡虫区分, 而V7区的H43构型可将茄形碘泡虫与葡萄碘泡虫和似葡萄碘泡虫区分。以上表明, 三者无论在形态上还是在遗传上均具有独立物种的特征。系统发育分析显示, 葡萄碘泡虫、似葡萄碘泡虫和茄形碘泡虫为系统树中分化较晚的一支。

     

    Abstract: Myxobolus acinosus Nie & Li, 1973, Myxobolus pseudoacinosus Guo, et al., 2018 and Myxobolus toyamai Kudo, 1917 presenting high similar morphology, same host species and parasitic site, are difficult to be distinguished. In the present study, we conducted species identification and phylogenetic analysis on these three myxobolids. The myxospores of M. acinosus were long grape-shaped with slightly narrow and curved anterior and blunt posterior in valvular view. They were lens-shaped in sutural view. The spores were (10.8±0.4) μm (9.3—11.9) μm in length and (6.2±0.4) μm (5.0—7.1) μm in width. Two polar capsules were unequal. The larger polar capsules were pyriform with (4.6±0.5) μm (3.1—5.4) μm long and (2.6±0.3) μm (1.8—3.2) μm wide and 5—6 turns of polar filaments; the smaller ones were clavate with (2.3±0.3) μm (1.7—2.9) μm long and (0.9±0.1) μm (0.7—1.3) μm wide and 2—3 turns of polar filaments. The myxospores of M. pseudoacinosus were eggplant-shaped with narrow and curved anterior and blunt posterior. The spores were (15.9±0.5) μm (15.1.8—17.0) μm in length and (5.5±0.5) μm (5.0—6.3) μm in width. Two polar capsules were unequal. The larger polar capsules were pyriform with (7.7±0.5) μm (6.7—8.7) μm long and (3.5±0.3) μm (3.0—4.1) μm wide and 7—8 turns of polar filaments, the smaller ones were clavate with (3.2±0.2) μm (2.5—3.5) μm long and (0.9±0.1) μm (0.7—1.0) μm wide and 2—3 turns of polar filaments. The myxospores of M. toyamai were eggplant-shaped with slightly narrow and curved anterior and broad and blunt posterior in valvular view. They were pyriform-shaped in sutural view. The spores were (15.3±0.6) μm (14.3—16.6) μm in length and (6.2±0.4) μm (5.0—7.0) μm in width. Two polar capsules were unequal. The larger polar capsules were pyriform with (5.6±0.4) μm (4.6—6.4) μm long and (2.9±0.2) μm (2.4—3.4) μm wide and 6—8 turns of polar filaments, the smaller ones were clavate with (3.0±0.3) μm (2.2—3.7) μm long and (0.9±0.1) μm (0.7—1.2) μm wide and 2—3 turns of polar filaments. The morphological comparison of the three species showed that there were significant morphological differences among them. The 18S rDNA sequence similarity, genetic distance and variable site of the 4 strains of M. acinosus were 100%, 0—0.001 and 0—1, respectively; and the 18S rDNA sequences of the 4 strains had the highest similarity (99.9%—100%), smallest genetic distance (0—0.002) and least variable sites (0—2) with M. acinosus (KX810022, KX810021) from GenBank. The 18S rDNA sequence of the strain of M. pseudoacinosus had the highest similarity (99.8%) with M. pseudoacinosus (KX586684, KX810019) from GenBank, and genetic distance and variable site of the three sequences were 0.002—0.007 and 4—8, respectively. The 18S rDNA sequences of the 2 strains of M. toyamai were identical and they had the highest similarity (99.5%—100%) with M. toyamai (LC010116, C010115, FJ710802, HQ338729) from GenBank. The genetic distance and variable site among the six sequences were 0.000—0.002 and 0—2, respectively. The 18S rDNA sequence similarity, genetic distance and variable site between M. acinosus and M. pseudoacinosus were 98.4%—98.8%, 0.013—0.020 and 23—26, respectively, and that of M. acinosus and M. toyamai were 96.1%—97.2%, 0.038—0.042 and 55—58, respectively, and that of M. pseudoacinosus and M. toyamai were 96.4%—97.6%, 0.033—0.040 and 46—63, respectively. The analysis of 18S rDNA sequences showed that M. acinosus had 15 key variable sites which could distinguish the species from M. pseudoacinosus and M. toyamai; M. pseudoacinosus had 5 key variable sites which could distinguish the species from M. acinosus and M. toyamai; M. toyamai had 33 key variable sites which could distinguish the species from M. acinosus and M. pseudoacinosus. The model E23-2 of V4 region in 18S rRNA secondary structure could distinguish M. acinosus from M. pseudoacinosus and M. toyamai, and the model H43 of V7 region could distinguish M. toyamai from M. acinosus and M. pseudoacinosus. All evidences above implied that each of the three myxobolids had the independent species characteristics both in morphology and genetics. The phylogenetic analysis showed that M. acinosus, M. pseudoacinosus and M. toyamai clustered into a recent-diverged clade indicating the close relationship.

     

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