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刘伟, 蒋明, 吴凡, 田娟, 陆星, 喻丽娟, 文华. 饲料能量密度和投喂水平对吉富罗非鱼生长和健康的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2022, 46(1): 58-68. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2020.164
引用本文: 刘伟, 蒋明, 吴凡, 田娟, 陆星, 喻丽娟, 文华. 饲料能量密度和投喂水平对吉富罗非鱼生长和健康的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2022, 46(1): 58-68. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2020.164
LIU Wei, JIANG Ming, WU Fan, TIAN Juan, LU Xing, YU Li-Juan, WEN Hua. EFFECTS OF DIETARY ENERGY DENSITY AND FEED RATION ON GROWTH AND HEALTH IN GENETICALLY IMPROVED FARMED TILAPIA, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 46(1): 58-68. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2020.164
Citation: LIU Wei, JIANG Ming, WU Fan, TIAN Juan, LU Xing, YU Li-Juan, WEN Hua. EFFECTS OF DIETARY ENERGY DENSITY AND FEED RATION ON GROWTH AND HEALTH IN GENETICALLY IMPROVED FARMED TILAPIA, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 46(1): 58-68. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2020.164

饲料能量密度和投喂水平对吉富罗非鱼生长和健康的影响

EFFECTS OF DIETARY ENERGY DENSITY AND FEED RATION ON GROWTH AND HEALTH IN GENETICALLY IMPROVED FARMED TILAPIA, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS

  • 摘要: 为探讨饲料能量密度(DED)和投喂水平(DFR)对鱼类生长和健康的影响, 本试验采用2×2双因子设计, 设置2个DED(对照组和高糖高脂组)和2个DFR(1倍和1.2倍表观饱食投喂对照组饲料的能量水平), 研究DED和DFR对吉富罗非鱼Oreochromis niloticus, (14.59±0.06) g生长性能、饲料利用、体成分、血液学指标和抵抗无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)感染能力的影响。试验以40d为1个周期, 持续2个周期(周期Ⅰ和周期Ⅱ)。研究结果发现, DED和DFR均未影响试验鱼的饲料效率(P>0.05)。DED未影响试验鱼的生长(P>0.05)。高DFR提升了试验鱼的末重(P<0.05), 但降低了周期Ⅱ的蛋白质沉积率(P<0.05)。DED和DFR均未影响试验鱼的肥满度(P>0.05)。在周期Ⅰ, 高DED仅增加了试验鱼的脏体比(P<0.05); 但在周期Ⅱ, DED和DFR对试验鱼的肠体比和脏体比也产生了显著影响(P<0.05)。在周期Ⅰ, 高DED引起了去内脏全鱼、内脏团粗脂肪含量显著升高(P<0.05), 高DFR引起了肝脏粗脂肪含量显著升高(P<0.05); 而在周期Ⅱ, 高DED和DFR均引起了去内脏全鱼、肝脏和肌肉粗脂肪含量显著升高(P<0.05)。在试验期内, 高DED和DFR显著升高了试验鱼的血清甘油三酯、丙二醛含量(P<0.05)和周期Ⅰ的血细胞比容(P<0.05), 降低了周期Ⅱ的白细胞计数(P<0.05); 高DED升高了试验鱼的血清碱性磷酸酶活性和周期Ⅱ的血清胆固醇水平(P<0.05), 降低了周期Ⅰ的过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05); 高DFR显著升高周期Ⅰ试验鱼的血糖水平(P<0.05)。无乳链球菌感染试验发现, 在周期Ⅰ, DED和DFR对试验鱼的成活率无显著影响(P>0.05); 可在周期Ⅱ, 高DFR造成试验鱼成活率显著降低(P<0.05)。以上结果表明, 高DFR能提高罗非鱼的生长速度, 但是会增加鱼体的脂肪沉积, 降低鱼体健康水平; 高DED更易于鱼体脂肪沉积, 不利于鱼体健康。

     

    Abstract: To investigate the effects of dietary energy density (DED) and dietary feed ration (DFR) on fish growth and health, a 2×2 factorial experiment was designed, including 2 DED (control diet and high carbohydrate and fat diet) and 2 DFR (1 and 1.2 times energy level of fish fed to control diet apparent satiation). To evaluate the effects of DED and DFR on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, hematological indices and resistant to Streptococcus agalactiae infection of genetically improved farmed tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (14.59±0.06) g, the study set 40d as a cycle for 2 cycles (period Ⅰ and Ⅱ). The results showed that DED and DFR did not affect the feed efficiency (P>0.05), and DED did not affect the fish growth performance (P>0.05). High DFR improved the final mean weight (P<0.05), but reduced protein retention during period Ⅱ (P<0.05). DED and DFR had no impact on the conditional factor (P>0.05); in period Ⅰ, high DED only induced the viscerasomatic index (P<0.05), but in period Ⅱ, DED and DFR had significant effects on intestinal-somatic index and viscerasomatic index (P<0.05). High DED increased crude lipid content in the eviscerated whole fish and visceral mass (P<0.05); in period Ⅰ, high DFR enhanced crude lipid content in the liver (P<0.05), and in period Ⅱ, high DED and DFR induced crude lipid content in the eviscerated whole fish, liver, and muscle (P<0.05). High DED and DFR increased in the serum triglycerides and malondialdehyde content (P<0.05), and hematocrit in period Ⅰ(P<0.05), but it decreased the white cell count in period Ⅱ (P<0.05); high DED increased the serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and serum cholesterol (period Ⅱ) (P<0.05), but decreased the catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity (period Ⅰ) (P<0.05); high DFR increased the serum glucose levels (P<0.05). After infection with S. Agalactiae, DED and DFR did not affect the survival rate in period Ⅰ (P>0.05); however, high DFR decreased the survival rate in period Ⅱ (P<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggested that high DFR could improve the growth rate of tilapia, increase the fat deposition and reduce the health level of fish, and DED is more prone to fat deposition to impact fish health.

     

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