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刘梅, 原居林, 练青平, 倪蒙, 顾志敏. 不同流速对流水槽大口黑鲈生长性能、抗氧化能力、能量代谢及组织结构的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2023, 47(1): 25-36. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2021.0167
引用本文: 刘梅, 原居林, 练青平, 倪蒙, 顾志敏. 不同流速对流水槽大口黑鲈生长性能、抗氧化能力、能量代谢及组织结构的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2023, 47(1): 25-36. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2021.0167
LIU Mei, YUAN Ju-Lin, LIAN Qing-Ping, NI Meng, GU Zhi-Min. DIFFERENT WATER FLOW RATES ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, ENERGY METABOLISM AND TISSUE STRUCTURE OF MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES UNDER AN IN-POND RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEM[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 47(1): 25-36. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2021.0167
Citation: LIU Mei, YUAN Ju-Lin, LIAN Qing-Ping, NI Meng, GU Zhi-Min. DIFFERENT WATER FLOW RATES ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, ENERGY METABOLISM AND TISSUE STRUCTURE OF MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES UNDER AN IN-POND RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEM[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 47(1): 25-36. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2021.0167

不同流速对流水槽大口黑鲈生长性能、抗氧化能力、能量代谢及组织结构的影响

DIFFERENT WATER FLOW RATES ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, ENERGY METABOLISM AND TISSUE STRUCTURE OF MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES UNDER AN IN-POND RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEM

  • 摘要: 研究旨在探明池塘内循环流水养殖(Inner-Pond Raceway Aquaculture, IPRA)系统中不同水流速度对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长性能、抗氧化能力、能量代谢及组织结构的影响。选取已驯食好、体质健康、大小均一的大口黑鲈放养规格为(8.13±0.82) g192尾, 随机分配到4个模拟水槽中, 每组3个重复, 每个重复16尾。养殖试验设置空白静水组和3个水流速度组, 分别为低流速0.2 m/s、中流速0.4 m/s和高流速0.6 m/s, 养殖周期为154d。结果显示: (1)中流速组大口黑鲈的增重率和特定生长率显著高于其他3个处理组(P<0.05); 中、高流速组肥满度显著低于静水组和低流速组(P>0.05); 大口黑鲈内脏脂肪指数随着流速的增加而显著降低(P<0.05); (2)中流速组肌肉粗蛋白显著高于其他3个处理组(P<0.05), 静水组和低流速组肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于中、高流速组(P<0.05); 中、高流速组肝脏粗蛋白显著高于静水组和低流速组(P<0.05); (3)中、高流速组血清中甘油三酯和总胆固醇显著低于静水组和低流速组(P<0.05); 中流速组总蛋白和谷草转氨酶活性显著高于静水组和低流速组(P<0.05); (4)血清中SOD和CAT活性随着水流速度的增加而升高, 中流速肝脏组SOD活性最高, 高流速组血清中CAT显著高于其他3个处理组(P<0.05); 中流速组血清和肝脏组织MDA含量显著低于其他3个处理组(P<0.05); 中流速组血清和肝脏组织T-AOC显著高于其他3个处理组(P<0.05); (5)肠道脂肪酶活性随着流速增加而显著升高(P<0.05); 中流速组胃淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性则最高; 中流速组肝脏脂肪酶活性最高, 显著高于静水组和低流速组(P<0.05); 中、高流速组蛋白酶活性显著高于低流速组(P<0.05)。肌肉和肝脏中谷氨酸脱氢酶均随着流速的增加而显著升高(P<0.05), 激素敏感脂肪酶和丙酮酸激酶则是先升后降, 至中流速组最高; (6)肌肉和肝脏组织切片观察发现, 低流速组肌纤维直径显著高于其他3个处理组(P<0.05), 肌纤维密度随着水流速度增加而显著增加(P<0.05); 中流速组会改善肝细胞组织结构, 而高流速组会造成肝细胞损伤, 引起细胞核空泡化严重和细胞核偏移聚集等。综上, 试验中流速组即0.4 m/s能够促进大口黑鲈生长, 提高机体抗氧化能力, 改善机能代谢, 增加粗蛋白含量, 抑制脂肪沉积, 可以作为大口黑鲈IPRA养殖系统中最适养殖水流速度。

     

    Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different water velocities on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, energy metabolism and tissue structure of Micropterus salmoides kept in an in-pond recirculation aquaculture (IPRA) system. 192 well-fed, healthy and uniformly sized largemouth bass average weight: (8.13±0.82) g were randomly assigned to 4 simulation tanks with 3 duplicates containing 16 fish each. The experiment was set up with a control group (a stagnant water group) and three water flow rate groups, namely, a low flow rate group (0.2 m/s), a medium flow rate group (0.4 m/s) and a high flow rate group (0.6 m/s), respectively, with a culture period of 154 days. The results were as follows: (1) WGR and SGR of largemouth bass in the medium flow rate group were significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P<0.05), while the SGR of the high flow rate group was significantly lower than that of the other three treatment groups. The CF was significantly lower in the medium and high flow rate groups than that in the stagnant water and low flow rate groups. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) of largemouth bass decreased significantly with the increasing of flow rate (P<0.05). (2) The crude protein levels of muscle were significantly higher in the medium flow rate group than that in the other three groups. The crude fat content of muscle was significantly higher in the stagnant water and low flow rate groups than that in the medium and high low rate groups. The amount of crude fat in the specimens decreased significantly with an increased flow rate of water (P<0.05). (3) Serum triglycerides and the total amount of cholesterol in the specimens were significantly lower in the medium and high flow rate groups than that in the stagnant water and low flow rate groups (P<0.05). The concentration of free fatty acids and total amount of protein were significantly lower in the high flow rate group than that in the other three groups (P<0.05). (4) SOD and CAT increased with the increasing of the water flow rate, with the highest SOD level in the livers of the specimens in the medium flow rate group and there was a significantly higher concentration of serum CAT in the high flow rate group than the other three groups (P<0.05). Serum and liver tissue MDA levels were significantly lower in the medium flow rate group than that in the other three groups (P<0.05). The AOC of serum and liver tissues were significantly higher in the medium flow rate group than that in the other three groups (P<0.05). (5) LPS activity increased significantly in the specimens tested with an increased flow rate (P<0.05). AMS and PTS activities were the highest in the medium flow rate group. Hepatic LPS activity was the highest in the medium flow rate group, which was significantly higher than that in the stagnant water and low flow rate groups (P<0.05). PTS activity was significantly higher in the medium and high flow rate groups than that in the low flow rate groups. GDH increased significantly with the increased flow rate in both the muscles and liver (P<0.05). (6) The diameter of muscle fibres in the low flow rate group was significantly higher than that in the other three treatment groups (P<0.05). The density of muscle fibres increased significantly with an increase of water velocity. The medium flow group improved the tissue structure, while the high flow group caused some damage to their liver cells. In conclusion, the medium flow rate group with a flow rate of 0.4 m/s can promote the growth of largemouth bass, boost the immune systems, improve the functioning of their metabolisms, increase the crude protein content and inhibit fat deposition, and should be used as the optimal water flow rate for IPRA.

     

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