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董立学, 解绶启, 周亮, 陆星, 田娟, 喻丽娟, 文华, 肖江蓉, 蒋明. 饲料蛋白源和养殖密度对草鱼生长性能、体成分和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2023, 47(2): 217-226. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0268
引用本文: 董立学, 解绶启, 周亮, 陆星, 田娟, 喻丽娟, 文华, 肖江蓉, 蒋明. 饲料蛋白源和养殖密度对草鱼生长性能、体成分和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2023, 47(2): 217-226. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0268
DONG Li-Xue, XIE Shou-Qi, ZHOU Liang, LU Xing, TIAN Juan, YU Li-Juan, WEN Hua, XIAO Jiang-Rong, JIANG Ming. DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCE AND STOCKING DENSITY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BODY COMPOSITION AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF GRASS CARP (CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA)[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 47(2): 217-226. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0268
Citation: DONG Li-Xue, XIE Shou-Qi, ZHOU Liang, LU Xing, TIAN Juan, YU Li-Juan, WEN Hua, XIAO Jiang-Rong, JIANG Ming. DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCE AND STOCKING DENSITY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BODY COMPOSITION AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF GRASS CARP (CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA)[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 47(2): 217-226. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0268

饲料蛋白源和养殖密度对草鱼生长性能、体成分和血清生化指标的影响

DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCE AND STOCKING DENSITY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BODY COMPOSITION AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF GRASS CARP (CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA)

  • 摘要: 为探究饲料蛋白源和养殖密度对草鱼生长以及生理健康的影响, 以初始体质量为(5.36±0.18) g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)为试验对象, 采用双因素正交实验, 研究饲料非粮蛋白源(豆粕、乙醇梭菌蛋白、黄粉虫、棉籽浓缩蛋白和小球藻)和初始养殖密度(0.11、0.16 和0.21 kg/m3; 对应为20、30和40尾/网箱)及其交互作用对草鱼生长性能、体成分和血清生化指标的影响。养殖试验在池塘网箱(1.0 m×1.0 m×1.5 m)中进行, 养殖周期为60d。结果表明: 随着养殖密度的增加, 各蛋白源组草鱼饲料系数均呈增长趋势, 特定生长率、增重率和蛋白质效率和肝体比均呈降低趋势。在不同养殖密度下, 黄粉虫组饲料系数均显著高于其他蛋白源组(P<0.05), 特定生长率、增重率和蛋白质效率均显著低于其他蛋白源组(P<0.05)。当养殖密度为0.11和0.16 kg/m3时, 试验草鱼生长性能接近, 其特定生长率显著优于0.21 kg/m3密度组(P<0.05)。饲料蛋白源和养殖密度对草鱼全鱼水分和粗蛋白含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。不考虑饲料蛋白源, 0.21 kg/m3密度组草鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于其他密度组(P<0.05), 血清中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶及葡萄糖水平显著高于其他密度组(P<0.05), 养殖密度对血清中碱性磷酸酶、白蛋白、甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平影响不显著(P>0.05)。不考虑养殖密度, 小球藻组白蛋白水平显著高于乙醇梭菌蛋白组、黄粉虫组和棉籽浓缩蛋白组(P<0.05), 黄粉虫组碱性磷酸酶水平显著高于乙醇梭菌蛋白组(P<0.05), 饲料蛋白源对血清中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、甘油三酯、总胆固醇和葡萄糖水平影响不显著(P>0.05)。饲料蛋白源和养殖密度对试验草鱼增重率、肝体比、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、甘油三酯、总胆固醇和葡萄糖的交互作用显著(P<0.05)。以蛋白质效率和增重率为评价指标, 草鱼对5种蛋白源的利用能力为乙醇梭菌蛋白=小球藻=棉籽浓缩蛋白=豆粕>黄粉虫。

     

    Abstract: The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein source and stocking density on growth performance, body composition and serum biochemical parameters of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). A two-factor orthogonal experiment (3×5) was used to evaluate the effects of soybean meal (SM), Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP), Tenebrio molito (TM), cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) and Chlorella (CH) for grass carps with three stocking density. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were prepared with the five protein sources as a single protein source, respectively. Grass carps with an initial body weight of (5.36±0.18) g were fed with the five test diets at three stocking density (0.11, 0.16 and 0.21 kg/m3,) for 60 days in pond cages (1.0 m×1.0 m×1.5 m), respectively. The results showed that the feed coefficient (FCR) increased, and the specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain rate (WGR), protein efficiency (PER) and liver index (HSI) decreased with the increase of stocking density. Under the three stocking densities, FCR in TM group was significantly higher than that of other protein source groups (P<0.05), and FBW, SGR, WGR and PER were significantly lower than those in other protein source groups (P<0.05). The growth performance of grass carp in the 0.11 and 0.16 kg/m3 stocking density groups were similar, and were significantly better than that in the 0.21 kg/m3 stocking density group (P<0.05). Protein source and stocking density had no significant effects on the moisture, crude protein and ash content of the whole grass carp (P>0.05). The crude fat content of grass carp in the 0.21 kg/m3 stocking density group was significantly lower than that in other stocking density groups (P<0.05), and the serum biochemical indexes of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glucose (GLU) were significantly higher than those in other stocking density groups (P<0.05). Regardless of the stocking density, the serum albumin (ALB) content of the CH group was significantly higher than that in the CAP group, the TM group and the CPC group (P<0.05). The alkaline phosphatase activity of TM group was significantly higher than that in the CAP group (P<0.05). Based on the protein efficiency and weight gain rate, the ability of grass carp to utilize the five protein sources was CAP=CH=CPC =SM>TM.

     

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