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徐粒潇, 何楚景, 刘永强, 许剑, 童潼, 杨秋月, 王佳婧, 张琴. 发酵豆粕和豆粕替代部分鱼粉对银鲑幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化能力和免疫相关基因表达量的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2023, 47(9): 1374-1385. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0493
引用本文: 徐粒潇, 何楚景, 刘永强, 许剑, 童潼, 杨秋月, 王佳婧, 张琴. 发酵豆粕和豆粕替代部分鱼粉对银鲑幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化能力和免疫相关基因表达量的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2023, 47(9): 1374-1385. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0493
XU Li-Xiao, HE Chu-Jing, LIU Yong-Qiang, XU Jian, TONG Tong, YANG Qiu-Yue, WANG Jia-Jing, ZHANG Qin. FERMENTED SOYBEAN MEAL AND SOYBEAN MEAL REPLACE PARTIAL FISH MEAL ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HEMATOLOGY, LIVER ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND IMMUNE RELATED GENES mRNA EXPRESSION OF JUVENILE COHO SALMON[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 47(9): 1374-1385. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0493
Citation: XU Li-Xiao, HE Chu-Jing, LIU Yong-Qiang, XU Jian, TONG Tong, YANG Qiu-Yue, WANG Jia-Jing, ZHANG Qin. FERMENTED SOYBEAN MEAL AND SOYBEAN MEAL REPLACE PARTIAL FISH MEAL ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HEMATOLOGY, LIVER ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND IMMUNE RELATED GENES mRNA EXPRESSION OF JUVENILE COHO SALMON[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 47(9): 1374-1385. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0493

发酵豆粕和豆粕替代部分鱼粉对银鲑幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化能力和免疫相关基因表达量的影响

FERMENTED SOYBEAN MEAL AND SOYBEAN MEAL REPLACE PARTIAL FISH MEAL ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HEMATOLOGY, LIVER ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND IMMUNE RELATED GENES mRNA EXPRESSION OF JUVENILE COHO SALMON

  • 摘要: 为探究发酵豆粕和豆粕替代部分鱼粉对银鲑(Oncorhynchus kisutch)幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化能力和免疫相关基因mRNA表达量的影响, 试验设置4种等氮等脂等能的饲料(粗蛋白约为42%、粗脂肪约为15%): 对照组为: 添加41%鱼粉的饲料(FM组; 鱼粉蛋白占比27%); 试验组分别为在FM组中用豆粕替代部分鱼粉 (SM组; 鱼粉蛋白占比17%, 豆粕蛋白占比10%)、在FM组中用豆粕和发酵豆粕混合替代部分鱼粉(FSM5组; 鱼粉蛋白占比17%, 豆粕蛋白占比5%, 发酵豆粕蛋白占比5%)、在FM组中用发酵豆粕替代部分鱼粉(FSM10组; 鱼粉蛋白占比17%, 发酵豆粕蛋白占比10%), 饲养体重为(102.25±0.24) g的银鲑幼鱼10周。生长结果表明, FSM10组的增重率、特定生长率、日增重率、肥满度与对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05); FSM5组特定生长率、增重率和日增重显著低于对照组(P<0.05), 但显著高于SM组(P<0.05); 各组间肝体比、脏体比和存活率没有显著差异(P>0.05)。肌肉成分结果显示, 各组水分、灰分和粗蛋白没有显著差异(P>0.05), SM组的粗脂肪显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。血清生化试验结果表明, FSM10组血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇、白蛋白和总蛋白含量与对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05); FSM5组血清葡萄糖、白蛋白和总蛋白含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05), 但显著高于SM组(P<0.05); 各组间碱性磷酸酶、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶酶活没有显著差异(P>0.05)。肝脏抗氧化能力试验结果表明, FSM10组超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶酶活显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 还原型谷胱甘肽含量与对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05), 丙二醛含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05); FSM5组过氧化氢酶酶活和还原型谷胱甘肽含量显著高于SM组(P<0.05), 丙二醛含量显著低于SM和对照组(P<0.05), 超氧化物歧化酶酶活与对照组和SM组没有显著差异(P>0.05), 但显著低于FSM10组(P<0.05)。肝脏免疫和炎性相关基因试验结果表明, FSM10组sod-3lyztlr-3c3α基因mRNA表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05); tlr-7基因mRNA表达量与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05); 各组间il-6hsp-70基因mRNA表达量无显著差异(P>0.05); FSM5组lyztlr-3基因显著高于SM组。综上所述, 在试验条件下, 使用发酵豆粕替代10%鱼粉蛋白对银鲑生长性能和血清成分没有不良影响, 对肝脏抗氧化能力和免疫基因表达具有积极的促进作用, 因此可以在银鲑饲料中使用发酵豆粕替代10%的鱼粉蛋白。

     

    Abstract: In order to explore the effect of fermented soybean meal and soybean meal replacing part of fish meal on the growth performance, hematology, liver antioxidant activities and immune related gene mRNA expression of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), four kinds of iso-nitrogen and iso-lipid and iso-energy feeds were set up in this experiment (crude protein is about 42% and crude lipid is about 15%). The control group was fed with 41% fish meal (FM; fish meal protein accounts for 27%); the experimental groups were replacement of partial fish meal by soybean meal in the FM diets (SM; soybean meal protein accounts for 10% and fish meal protein accounts for 17%), replacement of partial fish meal by soybean meal and fermented soybean meal in the FM diets (SM; soybean meal protein accounts for 5%, fermented soybean meal protein accounts for 5% and fish meal protein accounts for 17%) and replacement of partial fish meal by fermented soybean meal in the FM diets (FSM; fermented soybean meal protein accounts for 10% and fish meal protein accounts for 17%). Those feeds used to feed juvenile coho salmon with an initial weight of (102.25±0.24) g for 10-weeks and the results indicated that there were no significant differences in the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), daily growth rate (DGR) and condition factor (CF) between the FSM10 and FM diets (P>0.05), the WGR, SGR and DGR of the FSM5 diets were significantly lower than that of the FM control groups but significantly higher than that of the SM diets (P<0.05) and there were no significant differences in hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI) and survival rate among groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in moisture, crude ash, crude protein among groups (P>0.05), but the crude fat of the SM diets was significantly lower than that of the FM control groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (T-CHO), albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP) between the FSM10 and FM diets (P>0.05) and there were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase (AKP), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) among groups (P>0.05), but the GLU, ALB, TP of the FSM5 diets were significantly lower than the FM control diets but higher than the SM diets. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalasehe (CAT) of the FSM10 diets were significantly higher than that of the FM control groups (P<0.05) and there was no significant difference in glutathione (G-SH) between the FSM10 and FM diets (P>0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) of the FSM10 diets were significantly lower than that of the FM control groups (P<0.05). The CAT and G-SH of FSM5 of diets wew higher than the SM diets but the MDA wew lower than it. The SOD of FSM5 were lower than FSM10 but have not significant differences with the FM control diets. The relative mRNA expression of gene sod-3, lyz, tlr-3 and c3α of the FSM10 diets were significantly higher than that of the FM control groups (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the relative mRNA expression of gene tlr-7 between the FSM10 and FM diets (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the relative mRNA expression of gene il-6 and hsp-70 among groups (P>0.05). The relative mRNA expression of gene lyz and tlr-3 of FSM5 diets were higher than SM diets. Overall, under the experimental conditions, using fermented soybean meal replace 10% fish meal protein had no significant differences on growth performance and hematology of juvenile coho salmon, but had positive effect on liver antioxidant capacity and immune related gene mRNA expression. Therefore, fermented soybean meal could be used instead of 10% fish meal protein in juvenile coho salmon diets.

     

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