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郭威, 郭勇勇, 杨丽华, 周炳升. 长江上游水体中主要污染物的环境分布和风险评价研究进展[J]. 水生生物学报, 2019, 43(S1): 69-76. DOI: 10.7541/2019.169
引用本文: 郭威, 郭勇勇, 杨丽华, 周炳升. 长江上游水体中主要污染物的环境分布和风险评价研究进展[J]. 水生生物学报, 2019, 43(S1): 69-76. DOI: 10.7541/2019.169
GUO Wei, GUO Yong-Yong, YANG Li-Hua, ZHOU Bing-Sheng. ASSESSING THE CONTAMINATED LEVELS AND RISK OF TYPICAL CONTAMINANTS IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2019, 43(S1): 69-76. DOI: 10.7541/2019.169
Citation: GUO Wei, GUO Yong-Yong, YANG Li-Hua, ZHOU Bing-Sheng. ASSESSING THE CONTAMINATED LEVELS AND RISK OF TYPICAL CONTAMINANTS IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2019, 43(S1): 69-76. DOI: 10.7541/2019.169

长江上游水体中主要污染物的环境分布和风险评价研究进展

ASSESSING THE CONTAMINATED LEVELS AND RISK OF TYPICAL CONTAMINANTS IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

  • 摘要: 文章对近年来在长江上游地区开展的关于水环境中典型重金属、多环芳烃(PAHs)以及酞酸酯类(PAEs)污染物的调查研究进行了总结, 分析了三类常见的环境污染物在生物及非生物介质中的分布特征和潜在风险。长江上游地区典型重金属在环境介质中的浓度存在极大的地区差异, 部分江段的经济鱼类中个别污染物的浓度存在超出国标规定的食品中污染物限值的现象, 提示这些江段的鱼类受到重金属污染并可能对人类健康造成风险; 长江上游地区水体中PAHs的浓度与长江中下游地区的水平相当, 水相中以低分子量PAHs为主, 而沉积物中则存在更多的中高分子量PAHs, 低分子量PAHs对水生生态系统具有相对较高的风险。长江上游地区水相和沉积物中PAEs均以DEHP和DBP为主, 但鱼体内则以BBP 的含量最高, 其次为DBP; 概率风险评价也显示, DBP及DnBP等单体的生态风险可能高于DEHP。整体看来, 上游地区水环境中存在大量重金属和有机物污染, 部分污染物可能对水生生态系统造成风险。

     

    Abstract: We generally reviewed the distributions and potential risks of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River based on recent studies. The distribution of heavy metals varied significantly with locations and types of mediums, and contents of some metals exceeded the limits in food. The contents of PAHs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were in line with those in the lower reaches. Low molecular weight PAHs were predominant in surface water, while high molecular weight PAHs were predominant in sediments, indicating low molecular PAHs may pose greater risks to aquatic ecosystems. DEHP and DBP were the predominant monomers of PAEs in surface water and sediments, and BBP and DBP ranked first and second respectively in fish bodies. The results of risk assessment also indicated that monomers such as DBP and DnBP had greater risk than DEHP. Over all, heavy metals and organic pollutants were widely distributed in the aquatic environment in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, which may pose potential risks to the ecosystem.

     

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