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叶麟, 谭路, 蔡庆华. 三峡水库水生态系统健康评价[J]. 水生生物学报, 2019, 43(S1): 49-55. DOI: 10.7541/2019.166
引用本文: 叶麟, 谭路, 蔡庆华. 三峡水库水生态系统健康评价[J]. 水生生物学报, 2019, 43(S1): 49-55. DOI: 10.7541/2019.166
YE Lin, TAN Lu, CAI Qing-Hua. ASSESSING THE ECOLOGICAL HEALTH STATUS OF THE THREE GORGE RESERVOIR[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2019, 43(S1): 49-55. DOI: 10.7541/2019.166
Citation: YE Lin, TAN Lu, CAI Qing-Hua. ASSESSING THE ECOLOGICAL HEALTH STATUS OF THE THREE GORGE RESERVOIR[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2019, 43(S1): 49-55. DOI: 10.7541/2019.166

三峡水库水生态系统健康评价

ASSESSING THE ECOLOGICAL HEALTH STATUS OF THE THREE GORGE RESERVOIR

  • 摘要: 三峡水库是治理和开发长江的关键性骨干工程, 同时也是我国长江经济带生态环境保护的重点区域。在三峡水库蓄水后, 水文、水环境发生了根本性的变化, 随之也带来了一些负面的生态环境问题, 三峡水库生态系统是否健康成为国内外广泛感兴趣的问题。研究于2015年4月在三峡库区开展野外采样, 覆盖三峡水库23条支流库湾和18个长江干流断面, 共包括监测样点173个, 采用浮游植物群落指数系统评价三峡水库水生态系统健康状况。野外监测共发现藻类61种(含变种), 属于蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、隐藻、甲藻、裸藻和金藻。基于浮游植物群落指数评价的结果显示三峡水库水生态系统健康状况较好, 健康及以上等级样点占68%, 亚健康样点占26%, 一般病态样点占6%。其中, 长江干流水体96%样点评价结果为健康, 仅4%样点为亚健康状态; 支流库湾水体健康状态为很健康、健康、亚健康、一般病态的样点比例分别为2%、53%、35%和9%。从空间分布上看, 长江干流水生态系统健康状况整体较好, 长江干流湖北段略好于长江干流重庆段; 靠近三峡大坝的支流库湾生态系统健康现状好于远离大坝的支流库湾; 三峡水库香溪河、梅溪河、小江等大型支流库湾水生生态系统健康状况变异较大。研究定量评价了三峡水库水体生态系统健康现状, 可为三峡水库生态环境保护提供科技支撑。

     

    Abstract: Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is the key project for the governance and development of the Yangtze River. TGR is an important region for the ecological and environmental protection in the Yangtze River economic belt. The hydrology and water environment have taken fundamental changes since the impoundment of TGR with some negative ecological and environmental problems. To address whether the aquatic ecosystem of TGR is healthy or not, the phytoplankton community index (PhyCoI) was used to assess the ecosystem health of TGR. Field survey was carried out on April 2015 in the whole region of TGR, including 23 tributary bays and 18 sections in the main channel of TGR with 173 sampling sites. A total of 61 phytoplankton taxa were identified, belonging to Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cryptophyta, Pyrrophyta, Euglenophyta, and Chrysophyta. Based on the scores of PhyCoI, the overall health status of TGR is good, with 68% sites in the status of very healthy (4≤PhyCoI<5) or healthy (3≤PhyCoI<4), 26% sites in sub-healthy (2≤PhyCoI<3), and 6% sites in general sick condition (1≤PhyCoI<2). Specifically, 96% sites in the main channel of TGR are healthy, and other 4% sites are in the status of sub-healthy. In the tributary bays, the ratios for the status of very healthy, healthy, sub-healthy, and general sick are 2%, 53%, 35%, and 9%, respectively. From the view of spatial distribution, overall health status of the main channel of TGR is good, and the health status of the main channel in Hubei Province is better than that in the Chongqing Province. In addition, the health status of sites in the Xiangxi Bay, Meixi Bay, and Xiaojiang Bay were highly variable. And in general, the health status of the bays near the dam of TGR is better than the bays far away from the dam. These results provide science and technology support for ecological and environmental protection of TGR.

     

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