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吴志刚, 熊文, 侯宏伟. 长江流域水生植物多样性格局与保护[J]. 水生生物学报, 2019, 43(S1): 27-41. DOI: 10.7541/2019.164
引用本文: 吴志刚, 熊文, 侯宏伟. 长江流域水生植物多样性格局与保护[J]. 水生生物学报, 2019, 43(S1): 27-41. DOI: 10.7541/2019.164
WU Zhi-Gang, XIONG Wen, HOU Hong-Wei. BIODIVERSITY PATTERN AND CONSERVATION OF AQUATIC VASCULAR PLANTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN, CHINA[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2019, 43(S1): 27-41. DOI: 10.7541/2019.164
Citation: WU Zhi-Gang, XIONG Wen, HOU Hong-Wei. BIODIVERSITY PATTERN AND CONSERVATION OF AQUATIC VASCULAR PLANTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN, CHINA[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2019, 43(S1): 27-41. DOI: 10.7541/2019.164

长江流域水生植物多样性格局与保护

BIODIVERSITY PATTERN AND CONSERVATION OF AQUATIC VASCULAR PLANTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN, CHINA

  • 摘要: 为对长江流域尺度的多样性进行分析, 研究以不同时期发表的长江流域水生植物相关文献、专著等为基础资料, 选取了22种环境因子, 分析了长江流域水生植物多样性时空格局, 并应用MaxEnt软件建立物种分布模型预测流域水生植物适生区及主要影响变量。结果表明长江流域已报道分布的水生维管植物共有298种, 隶属于52科、121属, 占我国水生维管植物物种数的57.6%, 是我国水生植物多样性重要区域, 其中长江中游流域的物种多样性最高。海拔和土地利用类型是影响长江流域水生植物空间分布格局的主要因素。水系对于水生植物的隔离效应较小, 而河湖一体的特征使得中下游各流域物种组成较为相近。MaxEnt模型结果表明洞庭湖、鄱阳湖和太湖以及连接三湖的中游干流、下游干流流域是水生植物的适生区域。过去的半个多世纪, 长江流域水生植被出现了明显的退化, 建议建立以“两湖”为核心的长江中下游整体保护体系, 设立或更新现有保护区和管理区时应兼顾水生植被的保护。

     

    Abstract: The Yangtze River is the largest river in China. It is a priority conservation area for biodiversity of the world, with its main river, branches and wetlands. As an essential part of freshwater ecosystem, aquatic vegetation has been well studied by Chinese researchers since 1950s, but large-scaled analysis on the biodiversity pattern is lacked. Based on published studies, we analyzed spatial and temporal pattern of aquatic plant diversity in the Yangtze River Basin, and calculated the suitable habitat area and underlying influence of environmental factors using MaxEnt software. A total of 298 species are recognized, belonging to 121 genera in 52 families, which is 57.6% of the total aquatic vascular plants in China. The Yangtze River Basin is the key area for aquatic plant diversity of China, especially the subregions of middle reaches. The elevation and land use are the key environmental variables to the spatial pattern of aquatic plants. The separation among water systems have weak influence on the spatial pattern of diversity in aquatic vascular plants, but potamo-lacustrine habitats facilitated the species homogenization of the flora in a sub-basin scale. The network consists of Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Tai Lake, and the middle and lower mainstream is the suitable area for the aquatic plants based on the MaxEnt model. In the past half century, the decline or loss of aquatic vegetation occurred in plenty of lakes in the Yangtze River Basin. We suggested that the protection of aquatic vegetation should be incorporated into the integrated conservation of the middle and lower Yangtze River.

     

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