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张亚洲, 毕远新, 王伟定, 隋宥珍, 卢衎尔, 丰美萍, 梁君, 周珊珊. 浙北近岸典型岛礁瓦氏马尾藻空间分布格局分析[J]. 水生生物学报, 2019, 43(5): 1114-1121. DOI: 10.7541/2019.131
引用本文: 张亚洲, 毕远新, 王伟定, 隋宥珍, 卢衎尔, 丰美萍, 梁君, 周珊珊. 浙北近岸典型岛礁瓦氏马尾藻空间分布格局分析[J]. 水生生物学报, 2019, 43(5): 1114-1121. DOI: 10.7541/2019.131
ZHANG Ya-Zhou, BI Yuan-Xin, WANG Wei-Ding, SUI You-Zhen, LU Kan-Er, FENG Mei-Ping, LIANG Jun, ZHOU Shan-Shan. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF SARGASSUM VACHELLIANUM IN COASTAL WATERS OF NORTHERN ZHEJIANG TYPICAL ISLANDS[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2019, 43(5): 1114-1121. DOI: 10.7541/2019.131
Citation: ZHANG Ya-Zhou, BI Yuan-Xin, WANG Wei-Ding, SUI You-Zhen, LU Kan-Er, FENG Mei-Ping, LIANG Jun, ZHOU Shan-Shan. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF SARGASSUM VACHELLIANUM IN COASTAL WATERS OF NORTHERN ZHEJIANG TYPICAL ISLANDS[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2019, 43(5): 1114-1121. DOI: 10.7541/2019.131

浙北近岸典型岛礁瓦氏马尾藻空间分布格局分析

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF SARGASSUM VACHELLIANUM IN COASTAL WATERS OF NORTHERN ZHEJIANG TYPICAL ISLANDS

  • 摘要: 为探明浙北近岸典型岛礁瓦氏马尾藻(Sargassum vachellianum)的空间分布格局, 于2016年5月底至6月初, 分别采用走航观察和水下样方法, 对按离岸距离远近的3条岛礁带上12个岛礁瓦氏马尾藻成藻时期的分布特征进行了调查, 并从不同空间尺度比较分析了3条岛礁带上瓦氏马尾藻在水平和垂直分布上的差异。结果表明: (1)在地区尺度上, 高浊度和高波浪能的水域环境限制了瓦氏马尾藻的分布与生长, 导致浙北近岸的瓦氏马尾藻仅分布在第二条岛礁带这一狭窄的分布带上。依据瓦氏马尾藻最低适宜生长水温要高于10 ℃的特性, 我们可以推断出舟山群岛的绿华岛可能是我国特有种瓦氏马尾藻分布的最北部端线。(2)在站点尺度上, 岛礁东南向瓦氏马尾藻定生密度明显低于西北向, 这与调查站位所受风浪影响的方位和强度相一致。在第二岛礁带上的4个岛礁北向瓦氏马尾藻的平均株高仅为26.3 cm, 说明瓦氏马尾藻不适宜在高波浪能生境中生存。(3)在站点尺度内, 第二岛礁带上浊度最低的北渔山岛瓦氏马尾藻有较大的垂直分布范围, 且定生深度达到了6.4 m, 而浊度高的近岸岛礁瓦氏马尾藻垂直分布范围较小。瓦氏马尾藻株高随着水深的增加而逐渐降低, 由此推测, 瓦氏马尾藻虽不能耐受强光, 但光照对瓦氏马尾藻的分布生长起重要作用。与同海区铜藻的垂直分布格局相比, 瓦氏马尾藻具有一定适应高浊度、高沉积物环境的能力。因此, 在浙北近岸海域瓦氏马尾藻是较适合进行生态移植修复的种类。

     

    Abstract: In order to prove up the spatial distribution patterns of Sgassum vachellianum in Northern Zhejiang nearshore typical reefs, investigations were conducted on three reef belts with 12 reefs from the end of May to the beginning of June, 2016. Researchers carried out vessel-mounted observations and collected samples with SCUBA (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) to find out and compare the differentia of horizontal and vertical distribution features of S. vachellianum in adult stages. The results showed that (1) at the area scale, water environment with high turbidity and high wave energy inhibited the growth and spread of S. vachellianum which could merely be found on the second narrow reef belt. According to the growth characteristics of minimum appropriate water temperature with 10℃, it can be inferred that the northernmost island of Zhoushan Archipelago is the northernmost spread limit of endemic S. vachellianum to China. (2) At the site scale, the factor of wave exposure might explain the reason why S. vachellianum were sparse in southeast and were rich in northwest of reefs. The average height of S. vachellianum was only 26.3 cm on the four reefs of the second reef belt, which indicates high wave energy is not suitable for its growth. (3) Within the site scale, the North Yushan Island on the second reef belt was with lowest turbidity so that S. vachellianum were widespread, which could even be found in depth of 6.4 m. However, coastal waters with high turbidity withheld vertical distribution of S. vachellianum. As the result showed the average height of S. vachellianum decreases with depth, which can be inferred that S. vachellianum were intolerance of intense light, but light is a major factor for its distribution. Compared with the vertical distribution of Sargassum horneri in this region, S. vachellianum were adaptive to the environment with high turbidity and high sediment. Therefore, the change of inhibited water environment has driven S. vachellianum to the edge of extinction. By studying the causes of the spatial distribution of S. vachellianum, the decline of algae fields and the trend of variation, the conclusion can be drawn that S. vachellianum are suitable for artificial transplantation in Northern Zhejiang coastal area. The findings can provide meaningful references for the protection and restoration of algae fields.

     

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