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李晓莉, 陶玲, 张世羊, 赵晓杰, 陆光全, 李谷. 陶粒浮床对草鱼养殖池塘水质和浮游植物的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2015, 39(3): 507-516. DOI: 10.7541/2015.67
引用本文: 李晓莉, 陶玲, 张世羊, 赵晓杰, 陆光全, 李谷. 陶粒浮床对草鱼养殖池塘水质和浮游植物的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2015, 39(3): 507-516. DOI: 10.7541/2015.67
LI Xiao-li, TAO Ling, ZhANG Shi-yang, ZHAO Xiao-jie, LU Guang-Quan, LI Gu. THE EFFECTS OF A NEW CERAMSITE ECOLOGICAL FLOATING BED ON THE WATER QUALITY AND PHYTOPLANKTON IN GRASS CRAP CULTURE PONDS[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2015, 39(3): 507-516. DOI: 10.7541/2015.67
Citation: LI Xiao-li, TAO Ling, ZhANG Shi-yang, ZHAO Xiao-jie, LU Guang-Quan, LI Gu. THE EFFECTS OF A NEW CERAMSITE ECOLOGICAL FLOATING BED ON THE WATER QUALITY AND PHYTOPLANKTON IN GRASS CRAP CULTURE PONDS[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2015, 39(3): 507-516. DOI: 10.7541/2015.67

陶粒浮床对草鱼养殖池塘水质和浮游植物的影响

THE EFFECTS OF A NEW CERAMSITE ECOLOGICAL FLOATING BED ON THE WATER QUALITY AND PHYTOPLANKTON IN GRASS CRAP CULTURE PONDS

  • 摘要: 为了探讨陶粒浮床对草鱼养殖池塘浮游植物群落结构的影响, 将6个池塘随机分为两组, 分别为浮床组和对照组, 2013年510月对养殖池塘的藻类群落结构和水质因子进行定期采样分析。结果表明: 浮床组池塘水体透明度显著高于对照组(P0.05), 养殖后期, 浮床组主要营养盐指标显著低于对照组(P0.05), 微生物总数显著高于对照组(P0.05)。水质理化指标波动范围小, 系统稳定性较强。试验期间共检出浮游藻类8门111属179种, 其中绿藻93种, 蓝藻25种, 硅藻23种, 裸藻17种, 黄藻6种, 甲藻5种, 金藻5种, 隐藻5种。在养殖中后期, 陶粒浮床对藻类的种类组成有显著影响, 藻类种数明显高于对照组, 浮床组和对照组浮游植物数量范围分别为101. 95106614.95 106 ind./L和151.43106612.60 106 ind./L, 生物量范围分别为90.79402.85 mg/L和116.33831.55 mg/L, 到养殖中后期(8月份以后), 对照组浮游植物的生物量显著高于浮床组(P0.05)。绿藻门和蓝藻门的贡献率一直占总密度的90%以上。浮游植物群落呈明显的季节变化, 绿藻门呈先降低后升高的趋势, 蓝藻门相反。试验初期浮游植物的优势种为栅藻; 在试验开始30d后, 浮床组栅藻继续保持优势藻的地位, 对照组的优势种则变为平裂藻和微囊藻; 78月份, 浮床组和对照组的优势种均为蓝藻门的平裂藻, 9月份后优势藻逐渐由栅藻和绿球藻取代。浮床组和对照组藻类多样性指数无显著差异, 物种丰富度均呈逐渐下降的趋势, 范围为3.165.59, Shannon指数和Simpson指数均呈先降低后升高的趋势, 范围分别为1.502.46和0.540.87。陶粒浮床对改善池塘水质、丰富藻类种类组成、降低过高生物量和微囊藻爆发的风险有一定作用。

     

    Abstract: In order to study the effects of a new ceramsite ecological floating bed on the phytoplankton community in fishponds, we conducted continuous and regular surveys on the phytoplankton community and the water quality indexes in six grass crap culture ponds from May to October in 2013. Ceramsite ecological floating beds were applied in three ponds as the test groups and the other three were the control groups. During the culture period, we identified 179 species that belonged to 8 phyla and 111 genera. Ninety-three species were Chlorophyta, 25 were Cyanophyta, 23 were Bacillariophyta, 17 were Euglenophyta, 6 were Xanthophyta, 5 were Dinophyta, 5 were Cryptophyta and 5 were Chrysophyta. In the presence of the new ceramsite ecological floating bed, the test groups exhibited higher water transparency and lower concentrations of major nutritive salts compared to the control, and there was little fluctuation in the physical-chemical indexes during the culture. There was a remarkable difference in the planktonic algae community between the test and the control groups in the middle and later culture period. In the mean while, the number of species in the test groups was higher than that in the control groups. There was a insignificant difference in the quantity of phytoplankton between the test and the control groups of which the ranges were 101.95106614.95106 ind./L and 151.43106612.60106 ind./L respectively. The ranges of biomass were 90.79402.85 mg/L and 116.33831.55 mg/L respectively, which were significantly different between the two groups in the middle and later culture period. The contribution of Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta was over 90%. The structure of phytoplankton community showed an obvious seasonal variation: the density and biomass of Chlorophyta first increased and then decreased, while those of Cyanophyta had an opposite trend. In the beginning, Scenedesmus was the dominant species in all ponds; a month later, Merismopedia and Microcystis were dominant in the control and Scenedesmus in the test groups; Merismopedia was the dominant species in July and August and then Scenedesmus and Chlorococcum became dominant. There was an insignificant difference between the test and the control groups in terms of the diversity index, and the ranges of species richness, Shannon-Weiner Index and Simpson's diversity index were 3.165.59, 1.502.46 and 0.540.87 respectively. Ecological Floating Bed may help improve the water quality, enrich the algae species components, and reduce the risks of overly high biomass and harmful algae blooms.

     

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