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杨兰, 吴莉芳, 瞿子惠, 周锴, 段晶, 王静瑶, 祖岫杰. 饲料蛋白质水平对洛氏鱥生长、非特异性免疫及蛋白质合成的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2018, 42(4): 709-718. DOI: 10.7541/2018.087
引用本文: 杨兰, 吴莉芳, 瞿子惠, 周锴, 段晶, 王静瑶, 祖岫杰. 饲料蛋白质水平对洛氏鱥生长、非特异性免疫及蛋白质合成的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2018, 42(4): 709-718. DOI: 10.7541/2018.087
YANG Lan, WU Li-Fang, QU Zi-Hui, ZHOU Kai, DUAN Jing, WANG Jing-Yao, ZU Xiu-Jie. EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, ACTIVITY OF NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CAPACITY OF RHYNCHOCYPRIS LAGOWSKII DYBOWSKI[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2018, 42(4): 709-718. DOI: 10.7541/2018.087
Citation: YANG Lan, WU Li-Fang, QU Zi-Hui, ZHOU Kai, DUAN Jing, WANG Jing-Yao, ZU Xiu-Jie. EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, ACTIVITY OF NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CAPACITY OF RHYNCHOCYPRIS LAGOWSKII DYBOWSKI[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2018, 42(4): 709-718. DOI: 10.7541/2018.087

饲料蛋白质水平对洛氏鱥生长、非特异性免疫及蛋白质合成的影响

EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, ACTIVITY OF NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CAPACITY OF RHYNCHOCYPRIS LAGOWSKII DYBOWSKI

  • 摘要: 为了研究饲料蛋白质水平对洛氏鱥(Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski)生长、非特异性免疫及蛋白质合成的影响, 以洛氏鱥幼鱼(6.98±0.01) g/尾为研究对象, 以鱼粉、棉粕、豆粕及菜粕为蛋白源, 配制成蛋白质水平为24.98%、30. 02%、34.99%、40.01%和44.98%的5种等能、等脂肪的配合饲料, 进行为期8周的饲养试验。结果表明, 在试验条件下, 随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高, 洛氏鱥的终末体质量、特定生长率、增重率均呈先升高后降低的趋势, 其中34.99%和40.01%组洛氏鱥的终末体质量、特定生长率及增重率显著高于24.98%组(P<0.05); 随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高, 洛氏鱥饲料效率和蛋白质效率呈先升高后降低的趋势, 其中40.01%组洛氏鱥饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著高于24.98%组(P<0.05), 但与30.01%、34.99%和40.01%组差异不显著(P>0.05)。通过折线回归分析得出, 饲料蛋白质水平为35.89%时, 洛氏鱥的特定生长率最高; 饲料蛋白质水平为36.11%时, 洛氏鱥饲料效率最高。洛氏鱥肌肉中粗蛋白质含量随饲料蛋白质水平的升高呈先上升后下降趋势, 其中, 40.01%组洛氏鱥肌肉中粗蛋白质含量显著高于24.98%、30.02%、34.99%和44.98%组(P<0.05); 而洛氏鱥肌肉中粗脂肪含量随饲料蛋白质水平的升高呈先下降后上升趋势, 其中, 40.01%组显著低于24.98%、30.02%和34.99%组(P<0.05), 但与44.98%组差异不显著(P>0.05)。洛氏鱥肝胰脏的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性随饲料蛋白质水平的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势, 其中40.01%组洛氏鱥AKP、ACP、SOD和LZM活性显著高于24.98%、30.02%、34.99%和44.98%组(P<0.05); 洛氏鱥白肌中RNA含量和RNA/DNA比值随饲料蛋白质水平的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势, 其中40.01%组洛氏鱥白肌中RNA含量和RNA/DNA显著高于24.98%、30.02%、34.99%和44.98% (P<0.05)。通过折线模型回归分析可知饲料蛋白质水平为36.10%时, 洛氏鱥白肌中RNA含量最高; 饲料蛋白质水平为35.91%时, 洛氏鱥白肌中RNA/DNA比率最高。在洛氏鱥配合饲料中, 最适宜蛋白质需求水平为34.99%—40.01%。

     

    Abstract: To evaluate the effects of different dietary protein levels on the growth performance, non-specific immunity and protein metabolism enzymes of Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski, diets with 24.98%, 30.02%, 34.99%, 40.01% and 44.98% protein formulated with fish meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal were fed to Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski (6.98±0.01) g for 8 weeks in this study. After the feeding trial, a national standard method was used for determining muscle nutrients, and kits were used to measure serum alkaline acid enzyme (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme (LZM) activity. The results showed that, with the increase in protein levels, final mean body weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate firstly increased with increasing protein levels, and then decreased. When the protein levels were 34.99% and 40.01%, the final mean body weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate were significantly higher than that in the groups with 24.98% level (P<0.05). With increasing protein levels in diets, feed and protein efficiencies ofRhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski firstly increased, and then decreased. Feed and protein efficiencies in 40.01% groups were significantly higher than those in 24.98% groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among groups with 30.02%, 34.99%, and 40.01% protein levels (P>0.05). According to the polynomial regression analysis, the specific growth rate ofRhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski was the highest when protein level was at 35.89%, and the feed efficiency was the highest when the protein level was at 36.11%. The content of crude protein in muscles increased first, and then decreased with increasing protein levels in diets. Among them, the crude protein content in muscles of 40.01% group was significantly higher than that in the other four groups (P<0.05). However, the crude fat content in muscles decreased first, and then increased with increasing protein levels. The crude fat content in 40.01% group is significantly lower than that in the 24.98%, 30.02%, and 34.99% groups (P<0.05), but the 44.98% group showed no significant difference from other groups (P>0.05). The activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme (LZM) in hepatopancreas increased first, and then decreased with increasing protein levels. The activities of AKP, ACP, SOD, and LZM in the 40.01% group were significantly higher than those in the other four groups (P<0.05). The RNA and RNA/DNA ratios in muscles increased firstly, and then decreased with increasing protein levels. Among them, the RNA content and RNA/DNA in 40.01% group were significantly higher than those in the other four groups (P<0.05). According to the polynomial regression analysis, the RNA content in white muscle was highest when the protein level was 36.10%, and the RNA/DNA ratio was highest in white muscle when the protein level was 35.91%. Therefore, in the formulated diets, the most suitable protein level is 34.99% to 40.01%.

     

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