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刘海平, 刘孟君, 刘艳超. 西藏巨须裂腹鱼早期发育特征[J]. 水生生物学报, 2019, 43(2): 367-378. DOI: 10.7541/2019.046
引用本文: 刘海平, 刘孟君, 刘艳超. 西藏巨须裂腹鱼早期发育特征[J]. 水生生物学报, 2019, 43(2): 367-378. DOI: 10.7541/2019.046
LIU Hai-Ping, LIU Meng-Jun, LIU Yan-Chao. CHARACTERISTICS OF EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF SCHIZOTHORAX MACROPOGON IN XIZANG AUTONOMOUS REGION, CHINA[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2019, 43(2): 367-378. DOI: 10.7541/2019.046
Citation: LIU Hai-Ping, LIU Meng-Jun, LIU Yan-Chao. CHARACTERISTICS OF EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF SCHIZOTHORAX MACROPOGON IN XIZANG AUTONOMOUS REGION, CHINA[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2019, 43(2): 367-378. DOI: 10.7541/2019.046

西藏巨须裂腹鱼早期发育特征

CHARACTERISTICS OF EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF SCHIZOTHORAX MACROPOGON IN XIZANG AUTONOMOUS REGION, CHINA

  • 摘要: 巨须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax macropogon)隶属裂腹鱼亚科, 裂腹鱼属, 是西藏特有经济鱼类, 因过度捕捞, 其种群数量和分布面积下降, 在2009年中国红色名录评为“濒危”等级。研究通过研究巨须裂腹鱼早期发育特征, 旨在为该鱼的科学养护提供技术支撑。结果表明: 巨须裂腹鱼受精卵直径3.0—3.2 mm, 遇水开始具有微黏性, 随后脱黏, 经过准备卵裂阶段、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠胚阶段、神经胚阶段、器官分化阶段、 孵化阶段, 在水温10℃的条件下, 经过460.67h孵化出来。初孵仔鱼体长9.9—1.1 mm, 心率48—50次/min, 鳃盖骨清晰可见, 下颌原基、尾鳍下骨原基可见。第2天鼻凹出现; 第3天肝胰脏原基出现; 第4天鳃耙、肩带原基出现; 第6天仔鱼上下颌开始张合; 第7天心血管分化结束, 仔鱼开始进入混合营养期; 第14天鳔一室和体侧色素带形成; 第26天肋骨原基出现; 第35天鳔二室出现, 卵黄囊耗尽; 第63天背鳍分化结束; 第83天臀鳍分化结束。巨须裂腹鱼胚胎具有独特的发育时序: 体节的出现先于胚孔封闭, 是对高原环境的一种适应和进化。

     

    Abstract: To protect Schizothorax macropogon, belong to Schizothorax, Schizothorax, this study investigated the embryonic and larval development characteristics of Schizothorax macropogon to provide technical support for its scientific protection and rational development. The results indicated that the egg with the diameter 3.0—3.2 mm were slightly sticky when met with water and then take off the stick. The egg hatched about 460.67 hours at temperature 10℃. Based on external morphological characteristics, embryonic development was separated into 7 stages, including cleavage preparing stage, cleavage stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, neural embryo stage, organ differentiation stage, and hatching stage. Newly hatching fry with body length 9.9—11.0 mm, heart rate 48—50 beats/min, operculum, underjaw primordial radial of tail fin primordia clearly appeared. 2-day fry after hatching, nose concave appeared. Hepatopancreas primordial observed from 3 day fry after hatching, and gill raker and shoulder strap primordium shown in 4 day fry after hatching. The upper and lower jaw began to open and close in 6 day fry after hatching, and vascular differentiation ended, turned into mixed vegetative phase at 7 day fry after hatching. 14 day fry after hatching, swim bladder one room and pigment zone formed. 26 day fry after hatching, rib primordia developed. 35 day fry after hatching, swim bladder two room formed and yolk sac depleted. 63 day fry after hatching, dorsal fin differentiation ended and lateral line developed. 83 day fry after hatching, anal fin differentiation ended. An unique development timing for the first blastopore to metameres existed in Schizothorax macropogon, which is the adaptation and evolution to plateau environment.

     

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