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刘飞, 刘定明, 袁大春, 张富斌, 王雪, 张智, 秦强, 王剑伟, 刘焕章. 近十年来赤水河不同江段鱼类群落年际变化特征[J]. 水生生物学报, 2020, 44(1): 122-132. DOI: 10.7541/2020.015
引用本文: 刘飞, 刘定明, 袁大春, 张富斌, 王雪, 张智, 秦强, 王剑伟, 刘焕章. 近十年来赤水河不同江段鱼类群落年际变化特征[J]. 水生生物学报, 2020, 44(1): 122-132. DOI: 10.7541/2020.015
LIU Fei, LIU Ding-Ming, YUAN Da-Chun, ZHANG Fu-Bin, WANG Xue, ZHANG Zhi, QIN Qiang, WANG Jian-Wei, LIU Huan-Zhang. INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS OF FISH ASSEMBLAGE IN THE CHISHUI RIVER OVER THE LAST DECADE[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2020, 44(1): 122-132. DOI: 10.7541/2020.015
Citation: LIU Fei, LIU Ding-Ming, YUAN Da-Chun, ZHANG Fu-Bin, WANG Xue, ZHANG Zhi, QIN Qiang, WANG Jian-Wei, LIU Huan-Zhang. INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS OF FISH ASSEMBLAGE IN THE CHISHUI RIVER OVER THE LAST DECADE[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2020, 44(1): 122-132. DOI: 10.7541/2020.015

近十年来赤水河不同江段鱼类群落年际变化特征

INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS OF FISH ASSEMBLAGE IN THE CHISHUI RIVER OVER THE LAST DECADE

  • 摘要: 赤水河是目前长江上游为数不多的仍然保持着自然流态的大型一级支流, 同时也是长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区的重要组成部分, 在长江上游珍稀特有鱼类保护方面发挥着至关重要的作用。文章基于2007—2016年连续十年的渔获物监测数据, 对赤水河不同江段鱼类群落结构的年际变化特征进行了分析。调查期间, 赤水镇、赤水市和合江县3个调查江段共采集到鱼类7目20科84属133种, 其中包括长江鲟Acipenser dabryanus和胭脂鱼Myxocyprinus asiaticus2种国家重点保护野生动物以及36种仅分布于长江上游地区的特有鱼类。鱼类物种数量呈现出随河流梯度向下游延伸而逐渐增加的趋势, 其中赤水镇江段采集鱼类47种, 赤水市江段采集鱼类90种, 合江县江段采集鱼类120种。聚类分析和排序分析显示, 赤水河不同江段鱼类群落结构均发生了较为明显的年际变化。主要表现为部分大中型鱼类在渔获物中的比例持续降低, 其中赤水镇江段中华倒刺鲃Spinibarbus sinensis和白甲鱼Onychostoma sima的相对丰度由2007—2011的12.19%和14.26%降低至2012—2016年的0.66%和3.25%; 赤水市江段中华倒刺鲃的相对丰度由2007—2008年的8.21%下降至2009—2013年的4.31%和2014—2016年的3.47%。此外, 部分特有鱼类在渔获物中的比例逐年下降。合江县江段张氏䱗Hemiculter tchangi的相对丰度由2007年的8.41%下降至2008-2012年的7.98%和2013—2016年的1.51%; 圆口铜鱼Coreius guichenoti的相对丰度由2007年的2.08%下降至2008—2012年的0.10%, 2013—2016年则完全从渔获物中消失。造成赤水河鱼类群落结构变化的原因是多方面的, 不仅包括流域内高强度的商业捕捞和日益增强的人类活动, 而且还与整个长江上游的水域生态环境变化密切相关。为切实保护好赤水河鱼类资源, 建议加强渔政管理, 实施生态修复, 同时加强科研监测。

     

    Abstract: This study investigated annual variations of fish communities in different sections along the longitudinal gradient of the near-natural river based on the data collected from 2007 to 2016. A total of 133 fish species, belonged to 7 orders, 20 families and 84 genera, were collected. Among these species, Acipenser dabryanus and Myxocyprinus asiaticus have been enlisted as class Ⅰ and II protected species in China, while other 36 species endemic to the upper Yangtze River. The number of fish species increased along the longitudinal gradient, which increased from 47 in Chishui Town Section to 90 in the Chishui City Section and to 120 in the Hejiang County Section. Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) ordination analysis revealed that the fish communities in all sections were varied significantly over time. The relative abundance of large and medium-sized economic fishes, such as S. sinensis and O. sima, declined continuously, while the small-sized fishes such as H. labeo, S. argentatus and R. giurinus showed the opposite trends. Additionally, the abundance of some endemic fish species, such as H. tchangi and C. guichenoti, declined markedly. The induced reasons included local overfishing, navigation, channel regulation and hydropower development, as well as changes of aquatic environment in the mainstream of the upper Yangtze River. In order to effectively protect fish stocks, it is recommended to strictly manage fisheries and water activities. Further strengthen long-term monitoring and timely detect changes in fish mix structure.

     

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