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金毅, 傅洪拓, 孙盛明, 乔慧, 张文宜, 金舒博, 龚永生, 蒋速飞, 熊贻伟, 钱珺, 张禹宁. 不同碳氮比对生物絮团形成及对日本沼虾生长、抗氧化酶和消化酶的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2020, 44(6): 1239-1246. DOI: 10.7541/2020.144
引用本文: 金毅, 傅洪拓, 孙盛明, 乔慧, 张文宜, 金舒博, 龚永生, 蒋速飞, 熊贻伟, 钱珺, 张禹宁. 不同碳氮比对生物絮团形成及对日本沼虾生长、抗氧化酶和消化酶的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2020, 44(6): 1239-1246. DOI: 10.7541/2020.144
JIN Yi, FU Hong-Tuo, SUN Sheng-Ming, QIAO Hui, ZHANG Wen-Yi, JIN Shu-Bo, GONG Yong-Sheng, JIANG Su-Fei, XIONG Yi-Wei, QIAN Jun, ZHANG Yu-Ning. EFFECTS OF BIOFLOCS ON GROWTH, DIGESTIVE ENZYMES AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES OF MACROBRACHIUM NIOOONENSE[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2020, 44(6): 1239-1246. DOI: 10.7541/2020.144
Citation: JIN Yi, FU Hong-Tuo, SUN Sheng-Ming, QIAO Hui, ZHANG Wen-Yi, JIN Shu-Bo, GONG Yong-Sheng, JIANG Su-Fei, XIONG Yi-Wei, QIAN Jun, ZHANG Yu-Ning. EFFECTS OF BIOFLOCS ON GROWTH, DIGESTIVE ENZYMES AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES OF MACROBRACHIUM NIOOONENSE[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2020, 44(6): 1239-1246. DOI: 10.7541/2020.144

不同碳氮比对生物絮团形成及对日本沼虾生长、抗氧化酶和消化酶的影响

EFFECTS OF BIOFLOCS ON GROWTH, DIGESTIVE ENZYMES AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES OF MACROBRACHIUM NIOOONENSE

  • 摘要: 为了研究不同碳氮比对生物絮团形成及对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)生长、抗氧化酶和消化酶的影响, 设置5个不同实验组对照组(不做任何添加), 碳氮比10组(C/N10)、碳氮比15组(C/N15)、碳氮比20组(C/N20)和碳氮比25组(C/N25), 每组设三重复; 将初始体重(0.25±0.03) g的日本沼虾置于不同碳氮比的玻璃缸(30 cm×40 cm×100 cm)中, 进行50d的饲养实验。研究结果表明, 随着碳氮比升高, 生物絮团含量有上升趋势, 生物絮团含量C/N20>C/N25>C/N15>C/N10, C/N20生物絮团最多, 生物絮团体积和总固体悬浮物分别为(328.67±7.09) mL/L和(40.33±1.53) mg/L而C/N10几乎没有生物絮团产生, C/N15和C/N25有少量生物絮团, 但含量显著低于C/N20。对照组的氨氮和亚硝酸氮浓度持续升高, C/N10和C/N25的氨氮和亚硝酸氮浓度有较大波动, 先升高后降低, 随后又有升高的趋势, 氨氮和亚硝酸氮浓度分别高于2和1.5 mg/L, C/N15和C/N20的氨氮和亚硝酸氮浓度在整个养殖期间都维持在较低水平, 氨氮和亚硝酸氮浓度分别低于0.35和0.6 mg/L, 且无剧烈波动。增重率依次是C/N20>C/N25>C/N15>C/N10>Control, C/N10、C/N15、C/N20和C/N25分别比对照组高出29.69%、50.22%、89.52%和75.98%(P<0.05); 特定生长率依次是C/N20>C/N25>C/N15>C/N10>Control, C/N10和C/N15、C/N20和C/N25分别比对照组高出18.41%、24.69%、42.26%和33.89%(P<0.05); 在抗氧化酶方面, 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性C/N20>C/N25>C/N15>C/N10>Control, 与对照组相比, C/N10、C/N15、C/N20和C/N25分别高出1.70%、21.42%、43.19%和31.49%(P<0.05); 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性C/N20>C/N25>C/N15>C/N10>Control, 与对照组相比, C/N10、C/N15、C/N20和C/N25分别高了19.34%、35.26%、73.35%和47.12%。在消化酶方面, 淀粉酶活性依次是C/N20>C/N15>C/N25>Control>C/N10, 与对照组相比, C/N15、C/N20和C/N25分别高出68.09%、231.91%和42.55%(P<0.05); 脂肪酶活性依次是C/N20>C/N25>C/N15>Control>C/N10, 与对照组相比, C/N15、C/N20和C/N25分别高出2.86%、25.45%和23.12%(P<0.05); 胰蛋白酶活性依次是C/N20>C/N25>C/N15>C/N10>Control, 与对照组相比, C/N10、C/N15、C/N20和C/N25组分别高出12.98%、14.52%、36.45%和24.63%(P<0.05)。研究结果提示, 日本沼虾在生物絮团养殖模式下, 当碳氮比达到20时能有效产生生物絮团, 降低水体氨氮和亚硝酸氮浓度并显著提高日本沼虾的生长性能、肠道消化酶活性和肝胰腺抗氧化酶活性。

     

    Abstract: To study the effects of different carbon-nitrogen ratios on biofloc formation and the speed of growth, intestinal digestive enzymes and hepatopancreatic antioxidant enzymes of Macrobrachium nipponense, five different experimental groups were set up control group (no carbon source added), carbon-nitrogen ratio 10 (C/N10), carbon-nitrogen ratio 15 (C/N15), carbon-nitrogen ratio 20 (C/N20) and carbon-nitrogen ratio 25 (C/N25) with three replicates per group. The original weight (0.25±0.03) g of Macrobrachium nipponense were cultured in a glass jar (30 cm×40 cm×100 cm) for 50 days. The results showed that the content of bio-flocs increased with the increase of C/N ratio. The content grades of bio-flocs ranking were C/N20, C/N25, C/N15 and C/N10, of which C/N20 had the largest bio-flocs. The volume of bio-flocs and total solid suspended matter were 328.67 (+7.09 mL/L) and 40.33 (+1.53 mg/L), while C/N10 group had almost no bio-flocs. C/N15 and C/N25 groups had some bio-flocs, but the content was significantly lower than that of C/N20. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the control group continued to increase. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in C/N10 and C/N25 groups fluctuated greatly, showing a trend of first increase, then decrease, and then increase. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were higher than 2 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in C/N15 and C/N20 groups maintained at low level without sharp fluctuation during the whole culture period, while the concentration were lower than 0.35 mg/L and 0.6 mg/L, respectively. The weight gain rate was C/N20>C/N25>C/N15>C/N10>control group, which was 29.69%, 50.22%, 89.52%, 75.98% and higher than the control group, respectively (P<0.05). The specific growth rate was C/N20>C/N25>C/N15>C/N10>control group, which was 18.41%, 24.69%, 42.26%, 33.89% and higher than the control group respectively (P<0.05). In terms of antioxidant enzymes, GPX activity was C/N20>C/N25>C/N15 >C/N10>control, which was 1.70%, 21.42%, 43.19%, 31.49% and higher than the control group (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was ranked by C/N20>C/N25>C/N15>C/N10>control group, which was 73.35%, 47.12%, 35.26%, 19.34% and higher than the control group, respectively. In terms of digestive enzymes, amylase activity was C/N20>C/N15>C/N25>control>C/N10, which was 68.09%, 231.91%, 42.55% and higher than the control group, respectively (P<0.05). Lipase activity was ranking as C/N20>C/N25>C/N15>control>C/N10, which was 2.86%, 25.45%, 23.12% and higher than the control group (P<0.05). The activity of trypsin was C/N20>C/N25>C/N15>C/N10>control, which was 12.98%, 14.52%, 36.45%, 24.63% and higher than the control group (P<0.05). The results suggested that bio-flocs can be effectively produced when the C/N ratio is 20 under the culture condition, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water environment was able to be reduced greatly. In addition, the growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activity and hepatopancreatic antioxidant enzyme activity of Macrobrachium nipponensis can be significantly improved.

     

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