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李栋, 蔺丹清, 王召根, 李佩杰, 潘杰, 叶昆, 徐跑, 刘凯. 基于水声学频差技术的镇江长江豚类省级自然保护区鱼类资源时空特征[J]. 水生生物学报, 2023, 47(1): 121-132. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2021.0314
引用本文: 李栋, 蔺丹清, 王召根, 李佩杰, 潘杰, 叶昆, 徐跑, 刘凯. 基于水声学频差技术的镇江长江豚类省级自然保护区鱼类资源时空特征[J]. 水生生物学报, 2023, 47(1): 121-132. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2021.0314
LI Dong, LIN Dan-Qing, WANG Zhao-Gen, LI Pei-Jie, PAN Jie, YE Kun, XU Pao, LIU Kai. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH RESOURCES IN ZHENJIANG YANGTZE RIVER DOLPHIN PROVINCIAL NATURE RESERVE WERE EVALUATED BASED ON HYDROACOUSTIC FREQUENCY DIFFERENCE TECHNIQUE[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 47(1): 121-132. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2021.0314
Citation: LI Dong, LIN Dan-Qing, WANG Zhao-Gen, LI Pei-Jie, PAN Jie, YE Kun, XU Pao, LIU Kai. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH RESOURCES IN ZHENJIANG YANGTZE RIVER DOLPHIN PROVINCIAL NATURE RESERVE WERE EVALUATED BASED ON HYDROACOUSTIC FREQUENCY DIFFERENCE TECHNIQUE[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 47(1): 121-132. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2021.0314

基于水声学频差技术的镇江长江豚类省级自然保护区鱼类资源时空特征

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH RESOURCES IN ZHENJIANG YANGTZE RIVER DOLPHIN PROVINCIAL NATURE RESERVE WERE EVALUATED BASED ON HYDROACOUSTIC FREQUENCY DIFFERENCE TECHNIQUE

  • 摘要: 为掌握镇江长江豚类省级自然保护区鱼类资源现状, 于2020年春季(4月)和秋季(9月)利用水声学频差技术和网具调查方法同步开展鱼类资源调查, 评估调查江段鱼类资源时空特征。水声学调查结果表明, 调查江段鱼类资源密度均值为(0.094±0.183) 尾/m2, 鱼类单体目标强度(Target strength, TS)均值为–(57.33±5.69) dB, 主要分布在–62.5— –50.5 dB, 随着水深的增加, TS逐渐增大; 网具调查结果表明, 调查江段共采集鱼类758尾、53.53 kg, 鉴定鱼类种类达48种, 其中以鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鱼类占优, 中上层鱼类群体数量和质量占比分别为36.15%和66.12%, 长江江豚饵料鱼类(体长小于20 cm、体高小于6 cm、体重小于100 g的中上层鱼类)数量和质量占比分别为23.22%和8.72%。在时间特征上, 4月和9月鱼类资源密度差异不显著(P>0.05), 4月鱼类TS均值小于9月, 且4月鱼类平均规格小于9月。在空间特征上, 鱼类资源主要分布于和畅洲北汊和焦北滩附近水域, 中上层鱼类资源相对较多, 且4月鱼类资源分布相对更集中。水声学频差技术能够有效地剔除水域环境中的浮游生物信号和背景噪声信号, 对于长江流域鱼类资源声学评估具有借鉴意义。研究结果可为准确评估该保护区长江江豚饵料鱼类资源, 支撑长江江豚就地保护, 并为长江下游鱼类资源养护工作提供科学依据。

     

    Abstract: In order to assess the current situation of fish resources in the Provincial Nature Reserve for Yangtze Cetacean of Zhenjiang, a simultaneous survey of fish resources was carried out in spring (April) and autumn (September) in 2020 by using hydroacoustic frequency difference technology and net survey method, and the temporal and spatial characteristics of fish resources in the surveyed river section were evaluated. Based on the analysis of fish echo image data of 200 and 333 kHz, the acoustic assessment of fish resources was carried out by frequency difference technique. The results of hydroacoustic survey showed that the average density of fish resources was (0.094±0.183) ind./m2, and the average target strength (TS) of fish was (–57.33±5.69) dB, mainly distributed in the range of –62.5 to –50.5 dB. In addition, TS increases with increasing water depth. The results of net survey showed that 758 fishes (53.53 kg) were collected in the river section and a total of 48 species were identified, of which Cypriniformes dominated. The proportion of pelagic fish population quantity and mass was 36.15% and 66.12%, respectively. The proportion of the quantity and mass of fish (pelagic fish with body length less than 20 cm, body height less than 6 cm and body weight less than 100 g) fed on the Yangtze finless porpoise was 23.22% and 8.72%, respectively. In terms of time characteristics, there was no significant difference in fish resource density between April and September (P>0.05), and the average TS in April was smaller than that in September, and the average size of fish in April was smaller than that in September. In terms of spatial characteristics, the fish resources were mainly distributed in the waters near the north branch of He Changzhou and Jiaobei Beach, and the pelagic fish resources were relatively large, and the fish resources were more concentrated in April. Underwater acoustic frequency difference technology can effectively eliminate plankton signals and background noise signals in the water environment, which is of reference significance for fishery acoustic evaluation in the Yangtze River Basin. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the accurate assessment of the bait fish resources of the Yangtze finless porpoise in the reserve, support the conservation of the Yangtze finless porpoise in situ, and provide a scientific basis for the conservation of fish resources in the lower Reaches of the Yangtze River.

     

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