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刘孟梅, 乔瑞婷, 刘佳豪, 余业鑫, 张苗, 李艳, 王海军. 保安湖菹草种群的时空分布特征及环境效应分析[J]. 水生生物学报, 2022, 46(11): 1730-1740. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2021.0334
引用本文: 刘孟梅, 乔瑞婷, 刘佳豪, 余业鑫, 张苗, 李艳, 王海军. 保安湖菹草种群的时空分布特征及环境效应分析[J]. 水生生物学报, 2022, 46(11): 1730-1740. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2021.0334
LIU Meng-Mei, QIAO Rui-Ting, LIU Jia-Hao, YU Ye-Xin, ZHANG Miao, LI Yan, WANG Hai-Jun. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF POTAMOGETON CRISPUS POPULATION IN BAO’AN LAKE[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 46(11): 1730-1740. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2021.0334
Citation: LIU Meng-Mei, QIAO Rui-Ting, LIU Jia-Hao, YU Ye-Xin, ZHANG Miao, LI Yan, WANG Hai-Jun. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF POTAMOGETON CRISPUS POPULATION IN BAO’AN LAKE[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 46(11): 1730-1740. DOI: 10.7541/2022.2021.0334

保安湖菹草种群的时空分布特征及环境效应分析

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF POTAMOGETON CRISPUS POPULATION IN BAO’AN LAKE

  • 摘要: 为了解近20年来保安湖菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)种群的变化特征及其对水环境的影响, 研究以保安湖最大的湖区, 即主体湖为研究对象, 分季节对其沉水植物种类组成、生物量及水深(ZM)、透明度(ZSD)、水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和浮游藻类叶绿素a(Chl. a)等环境指标进行了监测, 并分析了菹草在不同生活史阶段对环境影响的差异。结果表明: (1)2002年春季菹草生物量(BP.c)均值为356 g/m2, 2012年上升至974 g/m2, 2019年为1901 g/m2, 菹草种群分布范围由中部扩展至整个湖区; (2)在春季菹草快速生长时, BP.c与ZM(ZM≤3 m)呈显著正相关(r= 0.52, P<0.01), 与Chl. a呈显著负相关(r= –0.42, P<0.01), 与ZSD、ZSD/ZM、TN、TP无相关关系; 有草区的ZM(中位数为2.1 m)、ZSD(中位数为0.93 m)和ZSD/ZM(中位数为0.48)显著高于无草区(1.8 m、0.45 m和0.28; P<0.05), 有草区的Chl. a(中位数为8.13 μg/L)显著低于无草区(14.10 μg/L; P<0.05); 有草区的Chl. a和TP的关系不明显, 无草区的Chl. a的含量随TP上升而增加, 且在相同TP条件下, 无草区Chl. a多数高于有草区; (3)在夏季菹草衰亡后, 夏季ZSD/ZM与BP.c呈显著负相关(r= –0.47, P<0.01), ZSD、TN、TP、Chl. a与BP.c无相关关系; 无草区TN(中位数为1.30 mg/L)显著高于有草区(0.72 mg/L; P<0.05); 有草区和无草区的Chl. a均随TP的上升而增加, 在相同TP条件下, 无草区Chl. a和有草区差异不显著。以上结果表明近20年来保安湖菹草种群生物量呈上升趋势, 分布范围也在不断增加。在快速生长期(春季), 大量菹草的存在有利于水质的改善。在菹草衰亡(春末夏初)后, 其对水质产生的不利效应未持续整个夏季。

     

    Abstract: In order to understand the changes of Potamogeton crispus population and the impacts on the water quality of Bao’an Lake in recent two decades, Zhuti Lake, the largest lake area of Bao’an Lake, was seasonally investigated, and the environmental effect of P. crispus in its different life history stages was explored. Various parameters including the species composition and biomass of submerged macrophytes, the water depth (ZM), transparency (ZSD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), phytoplankton chlorophyll a (Chl. a) in Zhuti Lake were monitorted, as well as several other environmental variables. The results showed that: (1) The average spring biomass of P. crispus was 356 g/m2 in 2002, increased to 974 g/m2 in 2012, 1901 g/m2 in 2019, and the P. crispus population expanded from the middle to the whole lake area in recent 20 years; (2) In the rapid-growth season (spring), the biomass of P. crispus was significantly positively correlated with the spring ZM (ZM≤3 m) (r=0.52, P<0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with the Chl. a (r=–0.42, P<0.01), while not statistically correlated with ZSD, ZSD/ZM, TN or TP. The ZM (median: 2.1 m), ZSD (median: 0.93 m), ZSD/ZM (median: 0.48) were significantly higher in the areas with macrophyte than without (1.8 m, 0.45 m, and 0.28, respectively) (P<0.05), and the Chl. a (median: 8.13 μg/L) was significantly lower in the areas with macrophyte than without (14.10 μg/L) (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between the Chl. a and TP in the areas without macrophyte, while no statistical correlations between them in the areas with macrophyte, and under the similar TP, the Chl. a was higher in the areas without macrophyte than that with macrophyte; (3) With the decline of P. crispus in summer, the ZSD/ZM was found significantly negatively correlated to the spring biomass of P. crispus (r=–0.47, P<0.01), while no such relationship was found in the ZSD, TN, TP or Chl. a; the TN (median: 1.30 mg/L) was significantly higher in the areas without macrophyte than that with macrophyte (0.72 mg/L) (P<0.05); the Chl a in both areas increased with the TP increasing, and no significant difference in Chl a was found between conditions with the similar TP. All above showed that the biomass of P. crispus in Bao’an Lake had an upward trend in the recent two decades, and its distribution extended to larger ranges. In the rapid-growth season (spring), the booming population of P. crispus is beneficial for the improvement of water quality, while the followed decline of P. crispus during the early summer would reversely worsen the water quality, but the adverse effect did not last till the end of summer. This research could help to understand the health condition of the Bao’an Lake ecosystem, provide technical support for its scientific management and healthy development, and may also provide scientific basis for the management of other similar shallow lakes located to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

     

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