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阙江龙, 饶榕城, 杨英, 闵佳玲, 田镇, 余智杰, 余进祥, 戴银根, 梅志刚. 江西水域枯水期长江江豚种群数量和分布特征[J]. 水生生物学报, 2023, 47(10): 1701-1708. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0503
引用本文: 阙江龙, 饶榕城, 杨英, 闵佳玲, 田镇, 余智杰, 余进祥, 戴银根, 梅志刚. 江西水域枯水期长江江豚种群数量和分布特征[J]. 水生生物学报, 2023, 47(10): 1701-1708. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0503
QUE Jiang-Long, RAO Rong-Cheng, YANG Ying, MIN Jia-Ling, TIAN Zhen, YU Zhi-Jie, YU Jin-Xiang, DAI Yin-Gen, MEI Zhi-Gang. POPULATION AND DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF YANGTZE FINLESS PORPOISE IN JIANGXI WATERS DURING DRY SEASON[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 47(10): 1701-1708. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0503
Citation: QUE Jiang-Long, RAO Rong-Cheng, YANG Ying, MIN Jia-Ling, TIAN Zhen, YU Zhi-Jie, YU Jin-Xiang, DAI Yin-Gen, MEI Zhi-Gang. POPULATION AND DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF YANGTZE FINLESS PORPOISE IN JIANGXI WATERS DURING DRY SEASON[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 47(10): 1701-1708. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0503

江西水域枯水期长江江豚种群数量和分布特征

POPULATION AND DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF YANGTZE FINLESS PORPOISE IN JIANGXI WATERS DURING DRY SEASON

  • 摘要: 研究于2021年11—12月, 设置12条考察路线, 采用同步目视考察法, 对包含长江干流江西段、鄱阳湖和赣江下游的江西水域长江江豚数量和分布开展了考察, 结合历史资料, 探讨了该水域长江江豚种群数量和分布规律及江湖迁徙关系。结果显示, 11月考察观测到长江江豚217群次、454头次, 12月考察观测到长江江豚236群次、569头次, 受水位和天气等环境条件影响, 两次考查观察到的长江江豚数量差异显著(t= –2.23, P<0.05)。11月和12月江豚分布规律基本一致: 长江江西段, 江豚主要分布在湖口石钟山-彭泽三号洲水域; 鄱阳湖适宜水深范围水域都有长江江豚分布, 其中吴城望湖亭-渚溪河口、都昌船厂-黄金咀-三山-瓢山水域是江豚高密度分布区; 赣江下游, 长江江豚分布在扬子洲渔业村附近水域。两次考察目击率分别为1.00和1.08 次/km, 均高于往年调查结果, 由此推测, 鄱阳湖长江江豚种群数量可能有所增长。鄱阳湖通江水道蛤蟆石-石钟山水域, 两次考察分别仅发现3头和2头长江江豚, 推测调查期间长江江豚在长江干流和鄱阳湖之间的迁移行为较少, 未来需进一步管控江湖迁移水域的人类活动, 促进江湖迁移。吴城望湖亭-渚溪河口为枯水期鄱阳湖江豚的主要分布水域, 建议加强对该水域船只的航行管控, 降低航运影响, 提升鄱阳湖长江江豚保护效果。

     

    Abstract: Jiangxi Province is one of the most important distribution of Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP). Since the scientific investigation of Yangtze finless porpoise in the whole Yangtze River basin in 2017, there is no report about the comprehensive and systematic investigation of YFP in Jiangxi Province, and the changes and distribution characteristics of YFP are not clear. In this study, we set up 12 investigation routes from November to December 2021, and the synchronous visual survey method was used to investigate the quantity and distribution of YFP, including the Jiangxi section of the Yangtze River, Poyang Lake and the lower reaches of Ganjiang River. The changes of the population quantity and distribution of YFP in Jiangxi Province and the migration relationship between rivers and lakes of YFP were discussed based on historical data. The results showed that 217 groups and 454 of YFP were observed in November, and 236 groups and 569 of YFP were observed in December. Influenced by environmental conditions such as water level and weather, paired-samples t-test showed that there were significant differences in the number of YFP observations between the two surveys (t = –2.23, P<0.05). The distribution pattern of YFP in November and December were basically the same: YFP were mainly distributed in Hukou Shizhongshan-Pengze Sanhao Island in the Jiangxi section of the Yangtze River; YFP can be found in the waters with suitable water depth, and YFP were high-density distribution in the areas among which Wanghuting-Zhuxihe estuary, Duchang shipyard-Huangjin mouse-Sanshan–Piaosan in Poyang Lake. In the lower reaches of Ganjiang River, YFP were found around the fishing village of Yangzizhou. In December, the encounter rates of the two surveys were 1.00 and 1.08/km respectively, which were both higher than those of previous years, therefore, the population of YFP in Poyang Lake and Yangtze River may have increased. Only 3 YFP and 2 YFP were found in the Hamashi and Shizongshan waters of Poyang Lake during the two investigations, which suggests that there has been almost no migration of YFP between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake during the survey. In the future, it is necessary to further control human activities in the migration waters of rivers and lakes and promote the migration. Zhuxi Estuary-Wucheng is the main distribution area of finless porpoises. In dry season, navigation control of vessels in this area should be strengthened to reduce the impact of shipping and improve the protection effect of Poyang Lake Yangtze finless porpoises.

     

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