Abstract: In the present paper,4 families,6 genera,30 species 14 varieties and 2 forms of Aulonoraphidinales from Xingkaihu Lake in Heilongjiang province are reported.Of these taxa,2 species 4 varieties and 1 form are new Chinese records.They are:Bacillaria paradoxa Gmelin.Nitzschia tryblionella var.victoriae Grun.,Nitzschia tryblionella var.debilis A.Mayer,Nitzschia heufleriana Grun.,Nitzschia dubia var.latestria est .,Surirella gracilis f. curvta Skv.,Surirella tenera var.nervosa A.Schmidt The taxonomical characters of some taxa are described and discussed.With species composition,some of them are common in fresh water,as:Rhopalodia gibba var.ventricosa, Hantzschia amphioxys, Nitzschia linearis,Nitzschia amphibia, Nitzschia commutata,Nitzschia acuta,Nitzschia palea,Nitzschia gracilis,Nitzschia paleacea,Nitzschia ignorata,Cymatopleura sole,Surirella ovata var. pinnata,Surirella elegans.A few species belong to alkaline water:Epithmia sorex,Epithemia adnata,Nitzschia tryblionella var.levidensis,Nitzschia linearis,Nizschia dissipata,Nitzschia communis, Nitzschia acicularis, Surirella angustata, Surirella ovata. Surirella gracilis f.curvta Skv.and Surirella tientsinensis Skv.were first reported by Skvortzow.Few species are in special region:Hantzschia elongata,Nitzschia acuta,Bacillaria paradoxa,Surirella gracilis f.curvta.