Abstract: The restricted fragment length polymorphism was employed to investigate the genetic diversity in four populahons of Xenocyris argentea distributed in China.The abundance of mtDNA variation was found in natura populations of X.argentea.Twelve haplotypes were detected from 39 individuals belonging to 4 populations.The mechanism of this phenomenon was also discussed.Both the phylogeography of population distributions and its effect on the origination and diversity of X.argentea were analyzed according to the phylogeny of the haplotypes and populations when considering the data of their present distributions.