Abstract: The Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is a comprehensive academic research institution engaged in the study of the life process, ecological environment protection and biological resources utilization of inland water. Since the 1950s, researchers in IHB have been at the forefront of conducting hydrobiological surveys in main waters of China, and vast amounts of original survey data have been generated. With the advancement of photomicrography and sequencing technology, a variety of plankton micrographs and a wealth of genetic data have been produced, which provide data support for the construction of monitoring service system and database of hydro-ecology, and promote the development of the hydrobiology research. To maximize the value of this data, the Scientific Data Center of IHB, CAS (http://sdb.ihb.ac.cn/) addresses the major strategic needs of the state in water environment protection and the sustainable development of fisheries, focusing on scientific data standards, security and control, open sharing. To serve the ecological environment protection and biological resources protection and utilization of basic, strategic and forward-looking scientific research and technology innovation, the Scientific Data Center of IHB collects, saves, integrates, manages, analyzes and digs the aquatic biological data.