Abstract: To investigate the effects of anaerobic exercise training and detraining on swimming performance and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) in juvenile Andrias davidianus, 180samples of A. davidianus were randomly divided into six groups, each containing 30 fish: a training control group (TC), a training group once every two days (TOT), a training group once every one day (TOO), a detraining control group (DC), a detraining group once every two days (DOT), and a detraining group once every one day (DOO). The individuals in different groups underwent various treatments at a temperature of 20℃ to measure relative induced velocity, relative burst swimming speed, and EPOC. The results showed no significant difference in relative induced velocity among the groups. However, the relative burst swimming speed of TOO group was significantly higher than that of the TC and TOC groups, while the relative burst swimming speed of DOO group was significantly lower than that of the TOO group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences observed in pre-exercise metabolic rate of time to peak metabolic rate among all groups. Nevertheless, peak post-exercise metabolic rate, metabolic rate increment, duration, and EPOC magnitude were significantly higher in the TOO group compared to the TC and TOC groups (P<0.005). Similarly, peak post-exercise metabolic rate, metabolic rate increment, duration, and EPOC magnitude of DOO group were significantly lower than those of the TOO group (P<0.05). Our results suggested that (1) anaerobic exercise training significantly enhances the anaerobic exercise capacity of juvenile A. davidianus, possibly due to improved anaerobic metabolism function, and (2) the training effect of anaerobic exercise on juvenile A. davidianus is closely related to the training intensity and lasts for a short duration.