Abstract: The quality of sturgeon eggs is pivotal for achieving successful hatching rates, in order to explore the factors influencing the egg quality of Acipenser dabryanus under different hatching rates, we conducted a comprehensive analysis encompassing water content, total lipids, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity, vitamin A (VA), vitamin E (VE), vitellogenin (Vn) content, as well as amino acids and fatty acids compositions. Correlation analysis were performed between each parameter and hatching rate. The results showed that fundamental components such as water content and total lipids did not exhibit significant differences (P>0.05), however, a positive correlation trend was observed between total lipid content and hatching rate. While the concentration of total egg proteins remained consistent across different hatching rates (P>0.05), Vn concentration exhibited a significant positive correlation with hatching rate (P<0.05). Both AKP and MDH activities showed significant correlations with hatching rate (P<0.05). Moreover, vitamin A and vitamin E contents exhibited significant positive correlations with hatching rate (P<0.05). Analysis of amino acid composition and content indicated that most amino acids did not show significant correlations with hatching rate, but the total amounts of essential and non-essential amino acids demonstrated an increasing trend with higher hatching rates. Fatty acid analysis revealed significant differences in the content of C18﹕0, C18﹕1, C20﹕1, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (ARA) with changing hatching rates (P<0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated a strong correlation (r>0.8) between AKP, ARA, MDH, VE, and n-3PUFA with hatching rate. These findings suggest that these substances may serve as potential markers for egg quality, providing valuable data support for improving Acipenser dabryanus egg quality and establishing an egg quality assessment system.