云斑、泥鳅和瓦氏黄颡鱼的含肉率及营养价值比较研究
COMPARATIVE STUDY ABOUT FLESH CONTENTS AND NUTRIENT VALUES IN BROWN BULLHEAD, LOACH AND DARKBARBEL CATFISH
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摘要: 研究了3种人工养殖的小型经济鱼类云斑(Ictalurus ncbulosus)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)和瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Richardson)含肉率和肌肉的熟肉率、生化成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸的种类组成,并对其营养价值进行评定。结果表明:云斑和瓦氏黄颡鱼含肉率分别为(74.48±2.01)%和(73.63±3.27)%,二者间无显著性差异,显著高于泥鳅(65.95±1.27)%。泥鳅熟肉率最高为(69.36±2.35)%。泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量为(16.24±0.56)%,明显高于云斑的(15.34±0.44)%和瓦氏黄颡鱼的(14.45±0.24)%。瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉中脂肪含量最高为(2.4±0.17)%,与云斑(1.22±0.33)%和泥鳅(1.26±0.60)%有显著性差异。云斑、泥鳅和瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉中,含人体必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例为(40.06±0.63)%、(39.79±0.57)%和(40.36±0.52)%。3种鱼的第一限制性氨基酸均为缬氨酸,F值均在4.90-5.06之间。4种鲜味氨基酸总含量均高于29%,泥鳅和瓦氏黄颡鱼鲜味氨基酸大多明显高于云斑。3种鱼肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸含量明显高于饱和脂肪酸,泥鳅和瓦氏黄颡鱼高于云斑。云斑肌肉中廿碳五烯酸(C20:5)为(2.52±0.30)%,显著高于泥鳅(0.16±0.05)%和瓦氏黄颡鱼(0.12±0.04)%(P<0.05),廿二碳六烯酸(C22:6)含量泥鳅最高为(4.62±0.30)%,其次为瓦氏黄颡鱼(2.86±0.32)%,云斑最低为(1.84±0.27)%,三者间均有显著性差异。结果表明,泥鳅和瓦氏黄颡鱼具有独特风味,3种小型经济鱼类均为有较高营养价值的人类食品。Abstract: Three aquaculture species, brown bullhead (Ictalurus ncbulosus), loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) and Darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Richardson), were studied for flesh contents, processing characteristics and nutritional composition of fish muscles. The results showed that flesh contents of brown bullhead (74.48±2.01)% and Darkbarbel catfish (73.63±3.29)% were significantly higher than that of loach (65.95±1.27)%. The cooked meat rate of loach (69.36±2.35)% was higher than that of other two species. Protein content of muscles in loach (16.24±0.56)% was significant higher than that in brown bullhead (15.34±0.44)% and Darkbarbel catfish (14.45±0.24)%. Fat content of muscles in Darkbarbel catfish (2.41±0.17)% was significant higher than that in brown bullhead (1.22±0.33)% and loach (1.26±0.60)%. The proportion of inclusive essential amino acids for human in muscle total amino acids of brown bullhead, loach and Darkbarbel catfish were (40.06±0.63)%, (39.79±0.57)% and (40.36±0.52)%, respectively. Valine was first limited amino acid in muscle of the three species of fish and the F value was between 4.90－5.06. In three species, the delicious amino acid contents of muscles were more than 29%. The unsaturated fatty acid contents of muscles were significant higher than those of saturated fatty acids. The content of 20:5ω-3 fatty acid (EPA) in muscles of brown bullhead (2.52±0.30)% was significant higher than that of loach (0.16±0.05)% and Darkbarbel catfish (0.12±0.04)%, but the contents of 22:6ω-3 (DHA) in muscles of loach (4.62±0.30)% and Darkbarbel catfish (2.86±0.32)% were significantly higher than that of brown bullhead (1.84±0.27)%. The results indicated that loach and Darkbarbel catfish are delicious and these three fish are nutrient aquatic food for human being.
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Keywords:
- Fish /
- Flesh quality /
- Flesh content /
- Nutritive value /
- Amino acid /
- Fatty acid
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