Abstract: The four major Chinese carps, i.e, black carp, silver carp, grass carp, bighead carp are the main species for freshwater aquaculture and fishing in China. This paper introduces the main point of the structure of natural resources reservoir of the four major Chinese carps in Laojianghe oxbow. Base on the characteristics of water ecosystem in Laojianghe oxbow, it is suggested that the stocking density and structure of the four major Chinese carps be controlled rationally on the basis of paying attention to germplasm quality. Otherwise the effective way of the protection and utilization of germplasm resources of the four major Chinese carps, and the key of the normal running of natural resources reservoir of the four major Chinese carps in Laojianghe oxbow were being dealt with.