Abstract: Sinibrama barbatula Luo et Huang, sp. nov.Holotype; No. 83-Ⅳ-0388, total length 183 mm, standard length 147 mm. Paraty pes: 7 specimens, No. 83-Ⅳ-0008, 83-Ⅳ-0085, 83-Ⅳ-0384—0387, 83-Ⅳ-0389, total length 152—227 mm, standard length 121—184 mm. Holotype and paratypes collected in April, 1983, from Qinzhou county, Guangxi, China, kept in the Institute of Hydrobiology, Academia Sinica.D. ⅲ-7; A. ⅲ-14—16; Ⅴ. ⅰ-8; P. ⅰ-14—16. L. 1. 60, predorsal scales 27—29, around caudal peduncle 20. Gillrakes 10—11. Pharyngeal teeth 2.4.5-5.4.2. Vertebrae 4+36-38.Depth 3.1—3.6(3.4) in standard length, head 4.2—4.8(4.4). Snout 3.4—3.8(3.5) in head, eye 3.4—3.7(3.5), interobital space 2.4—2.9(2.7), length of caudal peduncle 1.3—1.6(1.4), its depth 1.9—2.3(2.1). Depth of caudal peduncle 1.3—1.5(1.4) in its length.Body elongate and compressed, abdomen keeled from the ventral to the vent. Two minute barbels on the corner of mouth, or absent. Lateral line gradually decurved, running low at the side of the body, extending to middle of the caudal base. Dorsal with a strong smooth spine. Pharyngeal teeth slightly compressed, tip hooked. Air bladder bipartite, posterior part slightly pointed, its length 1.5—1.7 in anterior part. Intestine longer, its length 2.3—2.8 in standard lengthLiving spacimens (blackish on back, silvery below, anal fin yellowish, dorsal, pectory, ventral and caudal yellow.This species is closely allied to Sinibrama, but differs from other species by having minute barbels and few anal branched rays.Xenocyprioides carinatus Chen et Huang, sp. nov.Holotype: No. 81-Ⅶ-1117, total length 38 mm, standard length 30 mm. Paratypes: 9 specimen, No. 81-Ⅶ-1114—1116, 1118—1123, total length 36—42 mm, standard length 29—33 mm. Types collected in December, 1981, from Longzhow county, Gungxi, China, kept in the Institute of Hydrobiology, Academia Sinica.D. ⅲ-7; A. ⅲ-8; Ⅴ. ⅰ-7; P. ⅰ-12. Scales in longitudinal series 31—32, in transverse series from dorsal orgi nto ventral 10—11, predorsal 17—18, around caudal peduncle 14. Gillrakers 10—11. Pharyngeal teeth 2.3.6—6.3.2. Vertebrae 4+29-31.Depth in standard length 3.4—4.2(3.7), head 3.3—4.0(3.6), length of caudal peduncle 4.6—5.3(4.9), its depth 7.9—9.7(8.5). Snout in head 4.0—4.7(4.3), eye 3.0—3.5 (3.2), interorbital space 2.4—2.8(2.7). Depth of caudal peduncle in its length 1.6—1.9 (1.7).Body elongate and compressed; abdomen with a keel behind the ventrals. Mouth subsuperior and transverse; lower jaw projecting, with horny anterior edge. Dorsal fin without spinous ray, its origin opposite the base of the ventral. Pharyngeals short and broad; teeth in 3 rows, main row 6, much compressed, grinding surface long and oblique, tapering to a pointed tip. Scales large, lateral line entirely absent.Color in formalin blackish on back, pale below. Sides of body with a dark stripe behind the ventral to caudal base. All fins pale.The new species differs from Xenocyprioides pervulus Chen, the type and only known species of the genus, by having a keel on abdomen, in the size of caudal peduncle, and in the coloration.