Delsuc F,Brinkmann H,Chourrout D,et al.Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates[J].Nature,2006,439(7079):965-968

Liu L P,Xiang J H,Dong B,et al.Ciona intestinalis as an emerging model organism:its regeneration under controlled conditions and methodology for egg dechorionation[J].Journal of Zhejiang University Science B,2006,7(6):467-474

Joly J S,Kano S,Matsuoka T,et al.Culture of Ciona intestinalis in closed systems[J].Developmental Dynamics,2007,236(7):1832-1840

Corbo J C,Di Gregorio A,Levine M.The ascidian as a model organism in developmental and evolutionary biology[J].Cell,2001,106(5):535-538

Dehal P,Satou Y,Campbell R K,et al.The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis:insights into chordate and vertebrate origins[J].Science,2002,298(5601):2157-2167

Berrill N J.The tunicata with an account of the British species[M].London:Bernard Quaritch Ltd.1950,129

Hoshino Z,Nishikawa T.Taxonomic studies of Ciona intestinalia(L.)and its allies[J].Publ Seto Mar Biol Lab,1985,30:61-79

Hoshino Z,Tokioka T.An unusually Ciona robust from the northeastern coast of Honsyu Island[J].Japanese Zoology Magazine,1967,92:661

Zhang X,Zhang F Y,Wu B L.Economic animal of China[M].Beijing:Academic Press.1963,117[张玺,张凤瀛,吴宝铃.中国经济动物志.北京:科学出版社.1963,117]

Li J M,Huang X M,Li G Z,et al.Ecological studies on the marine fouling organisms at some important ports of China[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia.Sinica,1964,6(4):371-408[李洁民,黄修明,黎国珍,等.中国几个主要海港附着生物生态的研究.海洋与湖沼,1964,6(4):371-408]

Li C Y,Huang Z G,Zhang L X,et al.Studies on the ecology of fouling organisms in Lushun harbor,Liaoning province,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1982,2(1):59-165[李传燕,黄宗国,张良兴,等.旅顺港附着生物生态的研究.生态学报,1982,2(1):59-165]

Zheng C X.Ascidians of fouling organisms in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,1988,34(2):180-187[郑成兴.黄、渤海沿岸污损生物中的海鞘类.动物学报,1988,34(2):180-187]

Zheng C X.Species diversity of Ascidian in the coastal China seas[J].Chinese Biodiversity,1995,3(4):201-205[郑成兴.中国沿海海鞘的物种多样性.生物多样性,1995,3(4):201-205]

Chartier F L,Keer J T,Sutcliffe M J,et al.Construction of a mouse yeast artificial chromosome library in a recombination-deficient strain of yeast[J].Nature Genetics,1992,1(2):132-136

Gissi C,Iannelli F,Pesole G.Complete mtDNA of Ciona intestinalis reveals extensive gene rearrangement and the presence of an atp8 and an extra trnM gene in aseidians[J].Journal of Molecular Evolution,2004,58(4):376-389

Yokobori S,Watanabe Y,Oshima T.Mitochondrial genome of Ciona savignyi(Urochordata,Ascidiacea,Enterogona):comparison of gene arrangement and tRNA genes with Halocynthia roretzi mitoehondrial genome[J].Journal of Molecular Evolution,2003,57(5):574-587

Tamura K,Dudley J,Nei M,et al.MEGA4:Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis(MEGA)software version 4.0[J].Molecular Biology and Evolution,2007,24(8):1596-1599

Ge G C,Zang Y L.Ascidians of Jiaozhou Bay Ⅰ.Bolryllidae[J].Journal of Shandong College of Oceanology,1983,13(2):93-100[葛国昌,臧衍蓝.胶州湾海鞘类的调查Ⅰ.菊海鞘科.山东海洋学院学报,1983,13(2):93-100]

Ge G C,Zang Y L.Ascidian of Jiaozhou Bay Ⅱ.Styelidae[J].Journal of Shandong College of Oceanoloy,1987,17(4):95-102[葛国昌,臧衍蓝.胶州湾海鞘类Ⅱ.柄海鞘科Styelidae.山东海洋学院学报,1987,17(4):95-102]

Huang X M.Studies on Ascidians of China seas Ⅰ.the species of Genus Aseidia[J].Studia Marina Sinica,1989,30:239-250[黄修明.中国近海海鞘类的研究Ⅰ.海鞘属的种类.海洋科学集刊,1989,30:239-250]

Iannelli F,Pesole G,Sordino P,et al.Mitogenomics reveals two cryptic species in Ciona intestinalis[J].Trends in Genetics,2007,23(9):419-422

Caputi L,Andreakis N,Maslrototaro F,et al.Cryptic speciation in amodel invertebrate chordate[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2007,104(22):9364-9369

Satoh N,Kawashima T,Shoguchi E,et al.Urochordate genomes[J].Genome Dynamics,2006,2:198-212