MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF KERATELLA AMERICANA CARLIN, 1943 AND KERATELLA COMMON SPECIES IN TROPICAL CHINA
-
摘要: 美洲龟甲轮虫Keratella americana Carlin,1943年被认为主要分布在美洲地区,但陆续报告在其他地区有出现。2015年在对华南地区浮游动物调查时发现,星云湖、抚仙湖、百色水库及飞来峡水库中均出现该种类。检测了广西百色水库中龟甲轮虫的COⅠ序列,与已知美洲龟甲轮虫序列相似度高达98%。中国该龟甲轮虫种群与墨西哥美洲龟甲轮虫种群间差异度为2%,进一步确定为美洲龟甲轮虫。文章描述了美洲龟甲轮虫形态及生境,使用扫描电镜法比较了美洲龟甲轮虫、螺形龟甲轮虫Keratella cochlearis(Gosse,1851)、热带龟甲轮虫Keratella tropica(Apstein,1907)及无棘龟甲轮虫Keratella tecta(Gosse,1851)的咀嚼器。美洲龟甲轮虫主要特点为:背甲长度远大于宽度,侧中棘刺短于侧棘刺,背甲中央最后一个板块未封闭,向后棘刺延伸。4种龟甲轮虫咀嚼器主要区别在于砧基的形状,美洲龟甲轮虫砧基比其他3种轮虫发达,螺形龟甲轮虫砧基似“T”形,热带龟甲轮虫砧基为扇形,无棘龟甲轮虫平直。种间的砧基存在明显差异,可作为热带地区龟甲轮属的分类依据。Abstract: Keratella americana Carlin, 1943 mainly distributes in the America, and it had also been found in other continents. When we investigated zooplankton in South China in 2015, the species was found in Xingyun Lake, Fuxian Lake, Baise Reservoir and Feilaixia Reservoir. Its mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ(COⅠ) gene was sequenced and showed a similarity of 98% with the sequences from GenBank, and this confirmed the species as K. ame-ricana. In the present study, a description was given of K. americana. Its trophi were compared with these of three common species:Keratella cochlearis (Gosse, 1851), Keratella tropica (Apstein, 1907) and Keratella tecta (Gosse, 1851), using a scanning electron microscope. K. americana is characterized by the following features:width of lorica narrower than its length; intermediate spines shorter than lateral spines; last facet in dorsal plate polygonal, open. The trophi of the four species differ in the shape of the fulcrum:The fulcrum of K. americana is stronger than the other three species. K. cochlearis has a T-shaped fulcrum and that of K. tropica is fan-shaped. The fulcrum of K. tecta is straight. The fulcrum therefore appears to significantly differ in shape and can be used for taxonomy and identification of diffe-rent Keratella.
-
Keywords:
- Keratella americana /
- Morphological description /
- Trophi /
- Tropics
-
-
图 3 4种龟甲轮虫咀嚼器
a-b.美洲龟甲轮虫(a.腹面观; b.背面观); c-d.螺形龟甲轮虫(c.腹面观; d.背面观); e-f.热带龟甲轮虫(e.腹面观; f.背面观); g-h.无棘龟甲轮虫(g.腹面观; h.背面观)
Figure 3. Trophi of fourKeratella species
a-b.Keratella americana (a. Ventral view; b. Dorsal view); c-d.K. cochlearis (c. Ventral view; b. Dorsal view); e-f.K. tropica (e. Ventral view; f. Dorsal view); g-h.K. tecta (g. Ventral view; h. Dorsal view)
-
[1] Segers H, De Smet W H. Diversity and endemism in Rotifera:a review, and Keratella Bory de St Vincent[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2008, 17(2):303-316 doi: 10.1007/s10531-007-9262-7
[2] Gopko M, Telesh I V. Estuarine trophic state assessment:New plankton index based on morphology of Keratella rotifers[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2013, 130(3):222-230 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260958554_Estuarine_trophic_state_assessment_New_plankton_index_based_on_morphology_of_Keratella_rotifers
[3] 1111林秋奇, 赵帅营, 韩博平.广东省水库轮虫分布特征.生态学报, 2005, 25(5):1123-1131 http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXB200505025.htm Lin Q Q, Zhao S Y, Han B P. Rotifer distribution in tro-pical reservoirs, Guangdong Province, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(5):1123-1131
1111林秋奇, 赵帅营, 韩博平.广东省水库轮虫分布特征.生态学报, 2005, 25(5):1123-1131 http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXB200505025.htm[4] Yan Z, Huang X. On a new species of Keratella (Rotifera:Monogononta:Brachionidae)[J]. Hydrobiologia, 1997, 387-388(1-3):35-37 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hendrik_Segers/publication/226110203_On_a_new_species_of_Keratella_Rotifera_Monogononta_Brachionidae/links/00b495200e9808bebf000000.pdf
[5] Segers H, Wang Q. On a new species of Keratella (Rotifera:Monogononta:Brachionidae)[J]. Hydrobiologia, 1997, 344(1-3):163-167 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hendrik_Segers/publication/226110203_On_a_new_species_of_Keratella_Rotifera_Monogononta_Brachionidae/links/00b495200e9808bebf000000.pdf
[6] Hansson L A, Hylander S, Dartnall H J G, et al. High zoo-plankton diversity in the extreme environments of the McMurdo Dry Valley lakes, Antarctica[J]. Antarctic Science, 2012, 24(2):131-138 doi: 10.1017/S095410201100071X
[7] Guerrero-Jiménez G, Silva-Briano M, Adabache-Ortiz A, et al. Ultra Structural Comparison of Trophi in Species of the Genus Brachionus Pallas, 1766 in Aguascalientes State, Mexico[J]. Natural Science, 2015, 7(9):425-437. doi: 10.4236/ns.2015.79045
[8] Koste, W. Rotatoria. Die Rädertiere Mitteleuropas[M]. GebrÜder Borntraeger. Berlin. Stuttgart. 1978, 22
[9] Ahlstrom E H. A Revision of the Rotatorian Genus Keratella with Descriptions of Three New Species and Five New Varieties[M]. American Museum of Natural History. 1943, 435
[10] Montero-Pau J, Gómez A, Muñoz J. Application of an inexpensive and high-throughput genomic DNA extraction method for the molecular ecology of zooplanktonic diapausing eggs[J]. Limnology and Oceanography:Metho-ds, 2008, 6(6):218-222 doi: 10.4319/lom.2008.6.218
[11] Prosser S, Martínez-Arce A, Elías-Gutiérrez M. A new set of primers for COI amplification from freshwater microcrustaceans[J]. Molecular Ecology Resources, 2013, 13(6):1151-1155 doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.12132/suppinfo
[12] De Smet W H. Preparation of rotifer trophi for light and scanning electron microscopy[J]. Hydrobiologia, 1998, 387/388:117-121 doi: 10.1023/A:1017053518665
[13] García-Morales A E, Elías-Gutiérrez M. DNA barcoding of freshwater Rotifera in Mexico:Evidence of cryptic speciation in common rotifers[J]. Molecular Ecology Resources, 2013, 13(6):1097-1107
[14] Evtimova V, Pandourski I. Rotifers and lower crustaceans from South-western Iceland[J]. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2016, 4(4):e7522 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ivan_Pandourski/publication/296639868_Rotifers_and_lower_crustaceans_from_South-western_Iceland/links/56d729de08aebe4638af18ff.pdf?origin=publication_detail
[15] Vásquez E, Koste W, Medina M L. Variaciones morfologicas del rotifero Keratella americana (Carlin, 1943) de una laguna de inundacion del Rio Orinoco, Venezuela[J]. Revue d'hydrobiologie tropicale, 1991, 24(2):83-90 http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:35847
[16] Garza-Mouriño G, Silva-Briano M, Nandini S, et al. Morphological and morphometrical variations of selected rotifer species in response to predation:a seasonal study of selected brachionid species from Lake Xochimilco (Mexi-co)[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2005, 181(546):169-179 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225846604_Morphological_and_Morphometrical_Variations_of_Selected_Rotifer_Species_in_Response_to_Predation_a_Seasonal_Study_of_Selected_Brachionid_Species_from_Lake_Xochimilco_Mexico
[17] Fontaneto D, Giordani I, Melone G, et al. Disentangling the morphological stasis in two rotifer species of the Brachionus plicatilis species complex[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2007, 583(1):297-307 doi: 10.1007/s10750-007-0573-1
[18] Segers H, Rong S. Two new species of Keratella (Rotifera:Monogononta:Brachionidae) from Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Hydrobiologia, 1998, 382(1-3):175-181 doi: 10.1023/A:1003463927110
[19] Salt G W, Sabbadini G F, Commins M L. Trophi morphology relative to food habits in six species of rotifers (Asplanchnidae)[J]. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 1978, 97(4):469-485 doi: 10.2307/3226164
[20] Hochberg R, Wallace R L, Walsh E J. Soft bodies, hard jaws:an introduction to the symposium, with rotifers as models of jaw diversity[J]. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 2015, 37(1-2):180-188 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273888841_Soft_Bodies_Hard_Jaws_An_Introduction_to_the_Symposium_with_Rotifers_as_Models_of_Jaw_Diversity?_sg=3bskK0ntnk8OWD1UX6ygx22VYWZ4b8xM0bGoEMj0ot36W1S5lFHgADxXObZSUvisoII70rB26R02i0dhetOBOw
[21] De Paggi S B J, Devercelli M. Land use and basin characteristics determine the composition and abundance of the microzooplankton[J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2011, 218(1-4):93-108 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225351185_Land_Use_and_Basin_Characteristics_Determine_the_Composition_and_Abundance_of_the_Microzooplankton
[22] Ferrari C R, Azevedo H D, Wisniewski M J S, et al. An overview of an acidic uranium mine pit lake (Caldas, Brazil):composition of the zooplankton community and limnochemical aspects[J]. Mine Water & the Environment, 2015, 34(3):343-351 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276939114_An_Overview_of_an_Acidic_Uranium_Mine_Pit_Lake_Caldas_Brazil_Composition_of_the_Zooplankton_Community_and_Limnochemical_Aspects?_sg=T91XD0TY1xFBTqYaN2f-cgnpr-v5uvRVA6TKgjUbnCosGBs7wiHS5hBI2ZYXzExOFyiwpgpATqPFOjBgomDWTg
[23] Nova C C, Lopes V G, Souza L C, et al. The effect of seasonality on the structure of rotifers in a black-water shallow lake in Central Amazonia.[J]. Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciências, 2014, 86(3):1359-72 doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201420130323
[24] Brito S L, Maia-Barbosa P M, Pinto-Coelho R M. Zooplankton as an indicator of trophic conditions in two large reservoirs in Brazil[J]. Lakes & Reservoirs Research & Management, 2011, 16(4):253-264 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ricardo_Pinto-Coelho/publication/263383383_Zooplankton_as_an_indicator_of_trophic_conditions_in_two_large_reservoirs_in_Brazil/links/561f9eaf08ae93a5c9241606.pdf?inViewer=true&pdfJsDownload=true&disableCoverPage=true&origin=publication_detail
[25] Segers H. Zoogeography of the Southeast Asian Rotifera[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2001, 446-447(1):233-246 doi: 10.1023/A:1017524011783
[26] Yan Q Y, Yu Y H, Feng W S, et al. Genetic diversity of plankton community as depicted by PCR-DGGE fingerprinting and its relation to morphological composition and environmental factors in Lake Donghu[J]. Microbial Ecology, 2007, 54(2):290-297 doi: 10.1007/s00248-006-9200-3
[27] Hamaidi-Chergui F, Hamaidi M S, Errahmani M B, et al. Studies on biodiversity of rotifera in five artificial lakes in Algeria:Systematical and zoogeographical remarks[J]. Kragujevac Journal of Science, 2013, 35:115-138 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263038736_STUDIES_ON_BIODIVERSITY_OF_ROTIFERA_IN_FIVE_ARTIFICIAL_LAKES_IN_ALGERIA_SYSTEMATICAL_AND_ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL_REMARKS
[28] 林秋奇, 赵帅营, 韩博平.新建水库轮虫和甲壳类浮游动物动态特征.生态学杂志, 2006, 25(3):270-276 http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXZ200603007.htm Lin Q Q, Zhao S Y, Han B P. Dynamics of rotifer and crustacean zooplankton in a newly constructed reservoir[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2006, 25(3):270-276
林秋奇, 赵帅营, 韩博平.新建水库轮虫和甲壳类浮游动物动态特征.生态学杂志, 2006, 25(3):270-276 http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXZ200603007.htm