中华天胡荽、菖蒲水提液对福寿螺的毒性影响及损伤机理

THE TOXIC EFFECTS AND DAMAGE MECHANISMS OF WATER EXTRACT OF HYDROCOTYLE AND ACORUS CALAMUS ON POMACEA CANALICULATA

  • 摘要: 采用中华天胡荽、菖蒲两种水生植物对福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata Lamark)进行生物防治研究, 开展不同浓度梯度(0、0.10、0.20、0.30、0.40和0.50 mg/mL)水提液的毒杀实验及其作用机制分析。结果表明, 天胡荽组(LC25、LC50和LC75)对福寿螺的毒杀效果均高于菖蒲组, 并通过亚致死浓度中华天胡荽0.113 mg/mL (LC25)、0.220 mg/mL (LC50)、0.326 mg/mL (LC75)和菖蒲0.444 mg/mL (LC25)、0.587 mg/mL (LC50)、0.730 mg/mL (LC75)处理, 发现中华天胡荽、菖蒲水提液处理的福寿螺耗氧率和排氨率显著低于对照组(P<0.05), 且处理组的氧氮比值显著降低; 福寿螺头足部、肝脏部在亚致死浓度处理48h后, 蛋白质含量(TP)、超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性与对照组均存在差异(P<0.05); 处理组福寿螺的头足部出现皱缩和侵蚀性絮状物堆叠, 肝脏部表面干瘪、失去水分、质地松散, 且表面组织脱落。中华天胡荽和菖蒲水提液对福寿螺毒杀效果明显。

     

    Abstract: Two aquatic plants, Hydrocotyle and Acorus calamus, were utilized in a study focusing on biological control of Pomacea canaliculatas. The research involved poisoning experiments using extracts of varying concentrations (0, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50 mg/mL) and investigated their respective poisoning mechanisms. Results indicated a stronger poisoning effect on Pomacea canaliculatas in the Hydrocotyle group compared to the Acorus calamus group. Sublethal concentrations for the Hydrocotyle group were found to be 0.113 mg/mL (LC25), 0.220 mg/mL (LC50), 0.326 mg/mL (LC75), while for Acorus calamus, they were 0.444 mg/mL (LC25), 0.587 mg/mL (LC50), and 0.730 mg/mL (LC75). Pomacea canaliculatas treated with Hydrocotyle and Acorus calamus displayed significantly lower oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate compared to the control group (P<0.05), along with a reduced oxygen-to-nitrogen ratio. Additionally, after 48h of treatment at sublethal concentrations, differences were observed in total protein content (TP), superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity compared to the control group (P<0.05). Morphological changes such as shrinkage and erosive floc accumulation on the head and feet of snails, as well as shriveled, dehydrated liver tissue with loose texture and surface tissue detachment, were noted in the treatment group. Overall, Hydrocotyle and Acorus calamus exhibited evident poisoning effects on Pomacea canaliculatas.

     

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