小黄鱼、大黄鱼及其正反杂交种肌肉营养品质评价

郭丹丹; 刘峰; 谢庆平; 叶挺; 楼宝

doi:10.7541/2025.2024.0301

小黄鱼、大黄鱼及其正反杂交种肌肉营养品质评价

浙江省农业科学院水生生物研究所, 全省近岸生物种质资源保护与利用重点实验室, 农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室, 杭州 310021

基金项目: 浙江省农业(水产)新品种选育重大科技专项课题(2021C02069-1)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
郭丹丹(1990年—), 女, 博士; 研究方向为鱼类遗传育种。E-mail: hmguodandan@163.com

通信作者:
楼宝, E-mail: loubao6577@163.com

中图分类号: S965.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-01
- 修回日期: 2024-09-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-18
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-14

ASSESSMENT OF MUSCULAR NUTRITIONAL QUALITY IN LARIMICHTHYS POLYACTIS, LARIMICHTHYS CROCEA, AND THEIR RECIPROCAL HYBRIDS

Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Coastal Biological Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Funds: Suppprted by the Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural (Aquaculture) Varieties (2021C02069-1)

Corresponding author:

摘要

摘要:
为评价小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)、大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)及其杂交种(正交F1和反交F1)肌肉品质, 采用生化分析和组织学方法对四个群体肌肉营养成分及组织结构进行了研究。结果显示, 四个黄鱼群体粗脂肪含量介于4.73%—5.37%, 属中脂鱼类; 正交F1 (16.88%)和反交F1 (16.93%)粗蛋白含量显著高于小黄鱼(16.13%)和大黄鱼(16.01%); 在四个黄鱼群体中共检测到17种氨基酸, 其中必需氨基酸(EAA, Essential amino acid)7种, 不同群体必需氨基酸指数(EAAI, Essential amino acid index)为106.69—110.42, 正交F1和反交F1中氨基酸总量(TAA, Total amino acid)、必需氨基酸总量(TEAA, Total essential amino acid)及呈味氨基酸总量(TDAA, Total delicious amino acid)均显著高于双亲; 共检测出22种脂肪酸, 四个黄鱼群体中DHA和EPA含量占多不饱和脂肪酸总量的46.77%—49.27%, 其中DHA含量在两种杂交黄鱼中显著高于双亲。4种常量元素(K、Na、Mg和Ca)在不同群体中含量丰富, 6种微量元素(Mn、Zn、Fe、Se、Cu和Cr)中Zn和Fe在两种杂交黄鱼中显著高于双亲。肌肉组织学结构显示, 正交F1和反交F1肌纤维密度显著低于大黄鱼而与小黄鱼无显著性差异, 正交F1肌纤维直径显著高于双亲。综上所述, 四个黄鱼群体肌肉营养成分丰富, 均具有较高营养价值, 同时, 两种杂交黄鱼在特定营养指标上获得了一定的杂种优势。研究结果阐述了杂交育种对肌肉品质的影响, 可为黄鱼肉质改良及新品种培育提供参考依据。
- 杂交种 /
- 肌肉营养品质 /
- 小黄鱼 /
- 大黄鱼
Abstract:
In this study, we evaluated the muscle nutritional quality of Larimichthys polyactis, Larimichthys crocea, and their reciprocal hybrids (L. polyactis ♀ × L. crocea ♂ LPC and L. crocea ♀ × L. polyactis ♂ LCP) by analyzing the biochemical composition and histological structure. The results revealed that the crude fat content of the four yellow croaker populations ranged from 4.73% to 5.37%, classifying them as medium-fat fish. The crude protein content of LPC (16.88%) and LCP (16.93%) exhibited a significant increase compared to both parental lines (16.13% and 16.01%). A total of 17 amino acids, including 7 essential amino acids (EAA), were identified in the four populations. The EAAI varied from 106.69 to 110.42 across different populations. TAA, TEAA, and TDAA levels in LPC and LCP were significantly higher compared to their parental populations. Among the 22 detected fatty acids, DHA and EPA constituted approximately 46.77% to 49.27% of the total PUFA content in all four populations, with significantly higher DHA content observed in both hybrid yellow croaker varieties compared to their parental counterparts. The populations exhibited abundant contents of 4 macroelements (K, Na, Mg, and Ca), while the hybrid yellow croaker species displayed significantly higher levels of Zn and Fe in 6 microelements (Mn, Zn, Fe, Se, Cu, and Cr) compared to their parents. The histological analysis revealed that the muscle fiber density of LPC and LCP was significantly lower compared to that of large yellow croaker, but showed no significant difference when compared to small yellow croaker. Additionally, the muscle fiber diameter of LPC was significantly higher than both parental species. In summary, the muscle nutrients of all four yellow croaker groups were abundant, exhibiting high nutritional value. Furthermore, certain heterosis in specific nutritional indexes was observed in the two hybrid yellow croaker species. These findings explicate the impact of crossbreeding on muscle quality and offer valuable insights for enhancing meat quality and developing new breeds of yellow croaker.
- Hybrids /
- Muscle nutritional quality /
- Larimichthys polyactis /
- Larimichthys crocea

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图 1 四个黄鱼群体肌肉组织学结构

a. 小黄鱼; b. 大黄鱼; c. 正交F1; d. 反交F1; MF. 肌纤维; EM. 肌内膜

Figure 1. Histological structure of muscle tissue in four populations of yellow croaker

a. L. polyactis; b. L. crocea; c. L. polyactis ♀ × L. crocea ♂; d. L. crocea ♀ × L. polyactis ♂; MF. Muscle fiber; EM. Endomysium

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表 1 四个黄鱼群体肌肉纤维直径和密度

Table 1 Muscle fiber diameter and density in four yellow croaker populations

指标Index	小黄鱼L. polyactis	大黄鱼L. crocea	正交F1 L. polyactis ♀ × L. crocea ♂	反交F1 L. crocea ♀ × L. polyactis ♂
直径Diameter (μm)	42.09± 12.24^b	41.88± 12.41^b	49.17± 17.51^a	44.44± 19.13^ab
密度Density (根/mm²)	377.31± 46.77^b	536.50± 31.96^a	367.74± 17.36^b	363.65± 27.34^b
注: 同行数据上标字母不同表示差异显著(P<0.05); 下同Note: Different superscript letters in the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05); The same applies below

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表 2 四个黄鱼群体肌肉常规营养成分比较

Table 2 Comparison of conventional nutritional components in the muscles among four populations of yellow croaker (wet weight, %)

群体 Population	水分 Moisture	粗灰分 Crude Ash	粗蛋白 Crude protein	粗脂肪 Crude fat
小黄鱼 L. polyactis	74.17±0.05^a	3.07±0.02^b	16.13±0.02^b	4.73±0.04^d
大黄鱼 L. crocea	73.74±0.04^b	3.66±0.09^a	16.01±0.02^c	5.37±0.03^a
正交F1 L. polyactis ♀ × L. crocea ♂	72.70±0.03^c	3.14±0.02^b	16.88±0.03^a	5.03±0.02^c
反交F1 L. crocea ♀ × L. polyactis ♂	72.58±0.09^c	3.18±0.02^b	16.93±0.03^a	5.12±0.02^b
注: 同列数据上标字母不同表示差异显著(P<0.05); 下同Note: Different superscript letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05); the same applies below

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表 3 四个黄鱼群体肌肉氨基酸组成

Table 3 Amino acid composition in the muscles of four yellow croaker populations (Dry weight, g/100 g)

氨基酸类别 Amino acid species	氨基酸名称 Amino acid name	小黄鱼 L. polyactis	大黄鱼 L. crocea	正交F1 L. polyactis ♀ × L. crocea ♂	反交F1 L. crocea ♀ × L. polyactis ♂
非必需氨基酸NEAA	天冬氨酸Asp*	7.78±0.04^b	7.86±0.03^b	7.99±0.02^a	8.06±0.04^a
	酪氨酸Tyr	2.64±0.02^b	2.57±0.03^b	2.72±0.01^a	2.74±0.37^a
	丝氨酸Ser	3.27±0.02^c	3.32±0.03^b	3.43±0.01^a	3.36±0.00^b
	谷氨酸Glu*	11.76±0.04^c	11.79±0.02^c	12.12±0.03^b	12.90±0.02^a
	脯氨酸Pro	2.38±0.02^c	2.41±0.02^c	2.55±0.03^b	2.63±0.00^a
	甘氨酸Gly*	3.53±0.03	3.76±0.02	3.44±0.45	3.73±0.02
	丙氨酸Ala*	4.36±0.02^c	4.42±0.02^c	4.62±0.02^b	4.71±0.02^a
	胱氨酸Cys	0.47±0.01^b	0.47±0.02^b	0.54±0.01^a	0.53±0.00^a
	组氨酸His	1.62±0.04	1.54±0.02	1.62±0.02	1.65±0.05
	精氨酸Arg	4.52±0.03^b	4.50±0.03^b	4.69±0.03^a	4.62±0.03^a
必需氨基酸EAA	缬氨酸Val	3.85±0.02	3.84±0.03	3.92±0.02	3.87±0.03
	甲硫氨酸Met	2.18±0.05^b	2.09±0.02^b	2.30±0.03^a	2.33±0.03^a
	异亮氨酸Ile	3.48±0.03^c	3.49±0.01^c	3.69±0.02^a	3.57±0.02^b
	亮氨酸Leu	6.14±0.02^c	6.17±0.03^c	6.32±0.02^b	6.38±0.01^a
	苏氨酸Thr	3.39±0.02^b	3.36±0.02^b	3.47±0.03^a	3.49±0.05^a
	苯丙氨酸Phe	3.04±0.02^b	3.09±0.02^b	3.31±0.02^a	3.26±0.02^a
	赖氨酸Lys	7.26±0.02^c	7.31±0.02^c	7.53±0.03^a	7.44±0.04^b
氨基酸总量TAA		71.68±0.06^c	72.01±0.11^c	74.26±0.52^b	75.28±0.22^a
必需氨基酸总量TEAA		29.34±0.02^b	29.34±0.11^b	30.54±0.01^a	30.34±0.13^a
非必需氨基酸总量TNEAA		42.34±0.08^c	42.67±0.05^c	43.73±0.53^b	44.93±0.10^a
呈味氨基酸总量TDAA		27.44±0.09^c	27.83±0.78^bc	28.17±0.48^b	29.41±0.07^a
EAA/TAA (%)		40.94±0.06^a	40.75±0.09^a	41.12±0.29^a	40.31±0.05^b
EAA/NEAA (%)		69.31±0.18^a	68.77±0.27^a	69.85±0.85^a	67.53±0.15^b
注: 呈味氨基酸Note: delicious amino acid

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表 4 四个黄鱼群体肌肉必需氨基酸组成评价

Table 4 Evaluation of the essential amino acid composition in the muscles of four yellow croaker populations

氨基酸 Amino acid	FAO评分模式 FAO scoring pattern (mg/g N)	鸡蛋蛋白 Egg protein (mg/g N)	小黄鱼 L. polyactis		大黄鱼 L. crocea		正交F1 L. polyactis ♀ × L. crocea ♂		反交F1 L. crocea ♀ × L. polyactis ♂
氨基酸 Amino acid	FAO评分模式 FAO scoring pattern (mg/g N)	鸡蛋蛋白 Egg protein (mg/g N)	AAS	CS	AAS	CS	AAS	CS	AAS	CS
缬氨酸Val	310	411	1.25	0.94	1.26	0.94	1.26	0.95	1.25	0.94
甲硫氨酸＋胱氨酸Met＋Cys	220	386	1.21	0.69	1.18	0.67	1.29	0.74	1.29	0.74
异亮氨酸Ile	250	331	1.40	1.06	1.42	1.07	1.47	1.11	1.42	1.07
亮氨酸Leu	440	534	1.41	1.16	1.42	1.17	1.44	1.18	1.45	1.19
苏氨酸Thr	250	292	1.37	1.17	1.36	1.17	1.39	1.19	1.39	1.19
苯丙氨酸＋酪氨酸Phe＋Tyr	380	565	1.51	1.01	1.51	1.02	1.59	1.07	1.57	1.06
赖氨酸Lys	340	441	2.15	1.66	2.18	1.68	2.21	1.71	2.18	1.68
必需氨基酸指数EAAI			106.69		106.91		110.42		109.46

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表 5 四个黄鱼群体肌肉脂肪酸组成及含量

Table 5 Fatty acid composition and content in the muscles of four yellow croaker populations (%)

脂肪酸 Fatty acid	小黄鱼 L. polyactis	大黄鱼 L. crocea	正交F1 L. polyactis ♀ × L. crocea ♂	反交F1 L. crocea ♀ × L. polyactis ♂
SFA
C14﹕0	3.08±0.02^c	3.37±0.04^a	3.21±0.02^b	3.26±0.01^b
C15﹕0	0.40±0.02	0.41±0.01	0.40±0.02	0.41±0.01
C16﹕0	26.85±0.05^a	26.75±0.06^a	26.48±0.05^b	26.53±0.03^b
C17﹕0	0.42±0.00^c	0.44±0.01^b	0.49±0.00^a	0.48±0.00^a
C18﹕0	5.49±0.05^d	5.73±0.03^c	6.08±0.04^a	5.90±0.03^b
C20﹕0	0.27±0.01	0.28±0.01	0.29±0.00	0.29±0.01
C22﹕0	0.14±0.00^a	0.16±0.00^a	0.12±0.01^b	0.13±0.00^b
ΣSFA	36.65±0.03^b	37.13±0.04^a	37.07±0.07^a	37.00±0.04^a
MUFA
C14﹕1	0.68±0.06^b	1.55±0.57^a	2.10±0.09^a	2.08±0.07^a
C16﹕1	11.02±0.03^b	11.32±0.03^a	10.42±0.02^d	10.59±0.04^c
C17﹕1	0.25±0.01	0.27±0.01	0.25±0.00	0.26±0.01
C18﹕1n-9c	29.73±0.03^b	30.03±0.14^a	30.28±0.11^a	30.27±0.06^a
C20﹕1n-9	0.25±0.01	0.23±0.00	0.23±0.01	0.23±0.02
C22﹕1	0.14±0.00	0.13±0.00	0.13±0.00	0.13±0.00
C24﹕1n-9	0.35±0.01^c	0.37±0.00^bc	0.40±0.01^a	0.39±0.00^ab
ΣMUFA	42.42±0.05^b	43.91±0.44^a	43.81±0.07^a	43.94±0.10^a
PUFA
C18﹕2n-6c	7.82±0.05^a	6.62±0.05^b	6.40±0.02^c	6.34±0.07^c
C22﹕2	0.22±0.01^c	0.35±0.01^a	0.33±0.01^a	0.26±0.01^b
C18﹕3n-6	0.42±0.02^b	0.57±0.00^a	0.56±0.01^a	0.54±0.01^a
C18﹕3n-3	0.75±0.02^a	0.70±0.01^b	0.67±0.02^b	0.67±0.01^b
C20﹕4	0.93±0.01^a	0.84±0.03^b	0.92±0.01^a	0.93±0.00^a
C20﹕5n-3 (EPA)	3.78±0.02^a	3.50±0.04^b	3.22±0.03^c	3.27±0.05^c
C22﹕5n-3	1.00±0.02^a	0.88±0.02^c	0.92±0.00^b	0.94±0.00^b
C22﹕6n-3 (DHA)	6.01±0.02^b	5.83±0.05^c	6.10±0.03^a	6.12±0.02^a
ΣPUFA	20.93±0.08^a	19.30±0.07^b	19.12±0.05^bc	19.06±0.07^c
PUFA/SFA	0.57	0.52	0.51	0.52

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表 6 四个黄鱼群体肌肉矿物质组成及含量

Table 6 Mineral elements composition and content in the muscles of four yellow croaker populations

矿物质 Mineral element (mg/kg)		小黄鱼 L. polyactis	大黄鱼 L. crocea	正交F1 L. polyactis ♀ × L. crocea ♂	反交F1 L. crocea ♀ × L. polyactis ♂
常量元素 Macroelement	K	9667.87±23.25^a	9847.96±29.39^a	9259.01±53.72^b	9304.61±2.91^b
	Na	885.56±1.38^a	879.13±4.22^a	818.42±5.26^b	849.42±4.25^ab
	Mg	911.23±3.94^a	884.89±1.59^b	870.53±3.02^b	866.19±1.81^b
	Ca	855.43±7.58^b	981.09±4.27^a	993.62±8.31^a	998±2.44^a
微量元素 Microelement	Mn	1.92±0.01^a	1.89±0.01^ab	1.82±0.01^b	1.72±0.01^c
	Zn	19.03±0.06^b	19.4±0.03^ab	19.77±0.04^a	19.66±0.07^a
	Fe	23.06±0.07^c	23.73±0.01^b	24.75±0.06^a	24.44±0.06^a
	Se	0.74±0.00^a	0.68±0.00^b	0.75±0.01^a	0.75±0.01^a
	Cu	4.37±0.03^b	4.63±0.02^a	3.96±0.02^c	3.96±0.02^c
	Cr	0.00065±0.00^a	0.00066±0.00^a	0.00054±0.00^b	0.00063±0.00^ab

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小黄鱼、大黄鱼及其正反杂交种肌肉营养品质评价

作者简介: 郭丹丹(1990年—), 女, 博士; 研究方向为鱼类遗传育种。E-mail: hmguodandan@163.com

通信作者: 楼宝, E-mail: loubao6577@163.com

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ASSESSMENT OF MUSCULAR NUTRITIONAL QUALITY IN LARIMICHTHYS POLYACTIS, LARIMICHTHYS CROCEA, AND THEIR RECIPROCAL HYBRIDS

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作者简介:
郭丹丹(1990年—), 女, 博士; 研究方向为鱼类遗传育种。E-mail: hmguodandan@163.com

通信作者:
楼宝, E-mail: loubao6577@163.com