玉米DDGS替代豆粕对中华圆田螺幼螺生长性能、抗氧化能力和消化系统组织结构的影响

REPLACING SOYBEAN MEAL WITH CORN DDGS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEM MORPHOLOGY OF JUVENILE CIPANGOPALUDINA CATHAYENSIS

  • 摘要: 以玉米DDGS替代饲料中不同比例0 (D0)、25% (D25)、50% (D50)和75% (D75)的豆粕蛋白, 配制成玉米DDGS含量分别为0、13.63%、27.26%和40.89%的4种等氮等能饲料, 饲喂初始体重为(3.60±0.01) g的中华圆田螺(Cipangopaludina cathayensis)幼螺56d, 探讨其对中华圆田螺幼螺生长性能、体成分、抗氧化能力和消化系统组织结构的影响。结果显示: (1) D25组终末体重(FBW)、特定生长率(SGR)和增重率(WGR)显著高于D0组(P<0.05), D25和D0组之间存活率(SR)、摄食率(FR)、饲料效率(FE)和蛋白质效率(PER)无显著差异(P>0.05), 但D50和D75组的FBW、SGR和WGR显著低于D0组(P<0.05); D25组中华圆田螺幼螺螺体粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量均显著高于D0组(P<0.05); D50和D75组中华圆田螺幼螺肝胰腺和肠道的胰蛋白酶(TPS)及脂肪酶(LPS)的活性均显著低于D0组(P<0.05), 而各组间淀粉酶(AMS)活性无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2) D25组中华圆田螺幼螺肝胰腺和肠道碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)活性与D0组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05), D50和D75组中华圆田螺幼螺肝胰腺和肠道CAT、SOD和GPx活性显著低于D0组(P<0.05), D75组肝胰腺和肠道丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于D0组(P<0.05); D50和D75组肝胰腺GPxGSTSOD和肠道GST基因表达量均显著低于D0组(P<0.05)。(3) D25组中华圆田螺幼螺肝胰腺和肠道组织结构与D0组无显著差异, D75组中华圆田螺幼螺肝胰腺部分肝小管结构紊乱, 基膜破裂; D50和D75组中华圆田螺幼螺肠道上皮细胞受损, 固有层萎缩。综上结果, 玉米DDGS在中华圆田螺幼螺饲料中的添加比例以不超过13.63%为宜。

     

    Abstract: To elucidate the effects of replacing soybean meal protein with corn DDGS on the growth performance, body composition, antioxidant capacity, and histology of the digestive system of juvenile Cipangopaludina cathayensis, four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were formulated to feed juvenile Cipangopaludina cathayensis with the average initial body weight of (3.60±0.01) g for 56d. The inclusion levels of corn DDGS were 0, 13.63%, 27.26%, and 40.89% by using corn DDGS instead of soybean meal protein in different proportions 0 (D0), 25% (D25), 50% (D50), and 75% (D75), respectively. The results showed that: (1) FBW, SGR, and WGR in the D25 group were significantly higher than those in the D0 group (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the SR, FR, FE, and PER between the D0 and D25 groups (P>0.05). Compared with the D0 group, the FBW, SGR, and WGR in the D50 and D75 groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05). In the D25 group, the crude protein, crude lipid, and ash content in juvenile Cipangopaludina cathayensis were markedly higher compared to those in the D0 group (P<0.05). The trypsin (TPS) and lipase (LPS) activities in hepatopancreas and intestine of the D50 and D75 groups were significantly lower than those in the D0 group (P<0.05), while no significant change occurred in amylase (AMS) activity among all the groups (P>0.05). (2) Hepatopancreatic and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities of the D25 group showed no significant differences compared with the D0 group (P>0.05). The activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx in the hepatopancreas and intestine were significantly lower in the D50 and D75 groups than those of the D0 group (P<0.05), while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatopancreas and intestine of the D75 group was significantly higher than that of the D0 group (P<0.05). The expression levels of GPx, GST, and SOD genes in hepatopancreas, as well as GST gene expression in intestine, decreased significantly in the D50 and D75 groups compared with the D0 group (P<0.05). (3) There were no significant differences in the hepatopancreatic and intestinal tissue structure between the D25 and D0 groups. However, in the D75 groups, the partial hepatic tubular structure of the hepatopancreas was disordered, and the basal membrane was ruptured. The intestinal epithelial cells of the D50 and D75 groups were damaged and the lamina propria atrophied. In conclusion, the proportion of corn DDGS in juvenile Cipangopaludina cathayensis feed should not exceed 13.63%.

     

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