Abstract: As a crucial in-situ remediation technology for river and lake water bodies, ecological enclosure technology effectively inhibits pollutant diffusion, improves the aquatic environment, and enhances stability of river and lake ecosystems through multiple mechanisms such as physical isolation, chemical regulation, and biological enhancement. This paper reviews the operational mechanisms, types, and application effects of ecological enclosure technology in the ecological restoration and protection of rivers and lakes. Building on current literature, we identify existing limitations and propose future directions for both basic research and engineering applications. Future development should prioritize novel materials and technologies for key enclosure components while optimizing construction methods to ensure long-term stability and effectiveness. In addition, systematic numerical simulation methods should be incorporated to predict enclosure durability and ecological impacts, supporting the evolution of enclosure structures towards modularization and intelligence. Ultimately, the comprehensive performance of ecological enclosures should be improved under the premise of reducing management and operation costs and minimizing ecological risks. This study not only provides theoretical support for enhancing the stability and functionality of ecological enclosure technology but also offers technical references for professionals in the aquatic ecological restoration industry. It is expected to promote the sustainable application of this technology.