环境因子对凡纳滨对虾性别分化的影响
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON SEX DIFFERENTIATION ON LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI
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摘要: 通过外部形态观察和组织学连续切片,探讨温度[(251)℃、(291)℃和(331)℃]、光照周期(6L∶18D、12L∶12D、18L∶6D和24L∶0D)、光照强度(800、3000和5000 lx)、盐度(10、20、30和40)和环境雌激素壬基酚(40、80和120g/L)对凡纳滨对虾仔虾性别分化的影响。结果表明:温度和光照对凡纳滨对虾性别比例无显著影响(P0.05),但显著地影响性分化时间;10、20和40盐度组以及120g/L的壬基酚处理组的凡纳滨对虾雌雄比分别为0.81∶1,0.67∶1,1.29∶1和1.24∶1,显著偏离1∶1的性别比例,且盐度和壬基酚处理也影响性腺分化时间。此外,凡纳滨对虾触鞭长与体长之比1.0时与其性腺及外部形态分化时期相一致,提示可以将触鞭长与体长之比1.0作为判定凡纳滨对虾性分化开始的指标。Abstract: Effects of sex differentiation were studied by morphologic observation and continuous histological sections on L. vannamei at its early stage of growth on the temperature of [(251)℃, (291)℃ and (331)℃], photoperiods (6L∶18D, 12L∶12D, 18L∶6D and 24L∶0D), light intensities (800 lx, 3000 lx and 5000 lx), salinity (10, 20, 30 and 40) and nonylpheno (NP, 40g/L, 80g/L and 120 g/L), respectively. Same brood of L. vannamei was selected and two repetitions were designed in order to induce the deviation. Level of temperature, light intensities, salinity and NP were adjusted by heater, salt, 55W lamp and nonylpheno, respectively. Ten samples were collected randomly in all the groups every 10 days till 70 days from the beginning of the experiment. Body and the second antenna length were measured, and morphology of the first and second pleopod were observed by using microscope. Meanwhile, samples in the 45d, 55d and 65d were fixed in the solution of Bouin, and embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 6-8 mm. Transverse sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and histological sections were finished. At the end of the experiment (70d), all L. vannamei were collected for the statistics of the sex ratio. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncans multiple range tests. Results showed that temperature, photoperiods and light intensities had no influence on the female rate of L. vannamei (P0.05), while they had influence on the sex differentiating time; The ratio of female to male offspring were 0.81∶1, 0.67∶1, 1.29∶1 and 1.24∶1, respectively in salinity of 10, 20 and 40 group, as while as in environmental estrogen compound 4-nonylphenol (120 g/L) group, which deviated significantly from the ratio of 1∶1. Gonadal differentiating time could also be affected by salinity and 4-nonylphenol. In addition, the ratio of antenna to body length was in accordance with the sex differentiations time of both external morphology and gonad of L. van-namei, which suggested that the ratio of 1.0 could be used as an index for the onset of the sex differentiation on L. van-namei.
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Keywords:
- Litopenaeus vannamei /
- Temperature /
- Light /
- Salinity /
- Nonylpheno /
- Sex differentiation
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