三峡库区两种耐水淹植物的存活率和碳水化合物储备关系
SURVIVAL AND CARBOHYDRATE STORAGE IN TWO TOLERANT PLANT SPECIES EXPOSED TO PROLONGED FLOODING IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR REGION
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摘要: 野古草和秋花柳是三峡库区消落带两种强水淹耐受能力的植物物种。以往研究显示植物的水淹耐受性和体内碳水化合物储备有关。为了探明野古草和秋花柳水淹下的高存活率是否和碳水化合物储备有关, 研究了在室外6个月的模拟水淹条件下两个物种在不同水淹时间(40、90、120和180d)和不同水淹深度下(不水淹、根部水淹和完全淹没)的生物量积累、存活率和碳水化合物含量和分布。结果表明: (1)野古草和秋花柳对长期水淹具有很高的耐受性, 根部水淹植物6个月处理后完全存活; 而完全淹没条件下, 野古草仅在4个月, 秋花柳仅在6个月处理后才开始死亡; (2)碳水化合物主要储备在野古草的茎和秋花柳的茎与主根中, 野古草的根和秋华柳的细根中碳水化合物含量很低; (3)水淹深度和水淹时间对植物生物量积累和碳水化合物含量影响显著(P 0.05)：与未水淹植株相比, 根部水淹仅略微降低了生物量积累以及可溶性糖和淀粉含量 (P 0.05), 且保持基本稳定或增加的趋势, 而完全淹没的植株生物量随水淹时间逐渐降低, 碳水化合物含量在前90天快速下降 (P 0.05), 之后缓慢下降或保持不变。研究结果表明, 野古草和秋花柳强的水淹耐受性是和它们高的碳水化合物储备以及水淹条件下对碳水化合物的动用能力有关, 后期的死亡率增加与碳水化合物储备消耗殆尽有关, 野古草和秋花柳对碳水化合物储备对水淹的响应的差异可能和它们的碳水化合物储备在不同组织中的分配模式有关。Abstract: High survival rate of long-term flooding was observed in Arundinella anomala and Salix variegata, two riparian plant species in the Yangtze River water fluctuation zone. Survival of flooding is supposed to be associated with carbohydrate utilization. Survival rate and carbohydrate (soluble sugar and starch) concentration of these two plants were investigated in a simulated flooding experiment lasting up to six months. Three water level treatments (waterlogging, 2 m deep water submergence, and non-flooded control) and four flooding durations (40, 90, 120 and 180 days) were set. Plants death only occurred to A. anomala after 120 days and S. variegata after 180 days which were submerged in 2 m deep water, while all the waterlogged plants of both species survived after 180 days. Carbon storage was found mainly in stems of A. anomala and stems and coarse roots of S. variegata plants. Carbohydrate concentration was very low in roots of A. anomala and in fine roots of S. variegata plants. Waterlogging slightly decreased biomass production and soluble sugar and total starch concentration compared with non-flooded plants. In contrast, 2 m submergence treatments lead to a gradually decrease in biomass while a sharp decrease in soluble sugar and starch concentration in all tissues within 90 days in both species; and then the carbohydrate mobilization slowed down. The results suggested that mortality of long-term submergence might be caused by disabled carbon storage mobilization in the later stages of prolonged flooding. The high flooding tolerance in the two species can be explained by the ability to mobilize carbohydrate storage in the beginning and later when exposed to carbon starvation. Differences of the responses to flooding between A. anomala and S. variegata could be ascribed to their different carbohydrate storage distribution patterns.
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