玉屏风散对鱼类非特异性免疫和免疫相关基因表达的影响
THE EFFECTS OF JADE SCREEN POWER ON THE NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE AND THE EXPRESSION OF THE RELATED GENES IN FISH
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摘要: 为探究传统中药玉屏风散在水产养殖上的生物学功效,在基础饲料中分别添加2.5%、5%和10%的玉屏风散和1%的芪参散配成实验饲料,饲喂实验鱼2周,然后分别观察两种中药对罗非鱼(体重约220 g)的生长、非特异性免疫及免疫相关基因表达的影响以及对草鱼(体重约20 g)免疫保护率的影响。结果显示:各中药组均提高了罗非鱼增重率, 10%玉屏风散组效果最显著;各实验组中罗非鱼肝、肾、脾体指数和各血液学指标与对照组无显著差异;各中药组罗非鱼谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量均不高于空白对照组; 2.5%、10%玉屏风散组和1%芪参散组碱性磷酸酶(AKP)含量均高于对照组(P0.05);各药物组罗非鱼溶菌酶活性均高于对照组,且2.5%玉屏风散组与对照组差异显著(P0.05);玉屏风散各剂量组罗非鱼呼吸暴发活性均高于对照组(P0.05);罗非鱼肝脏中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)在各实验组中表达量均上调,肾脏中HSP70在2.5%和5%玉屏风散组表达量上调,脾脏中HSP70在各实验组中表达量均下调;肝脏中转化生长因子受体TGFRⅢ在2.5%玉屏风散组表达量上调,肾脏中TGFRⅢ在2.5%玉屏风散组和1%芪参散组表达量上调,脾脏中TGFRⅢ在各实验组中表达量均上调;玉屏风散各剂量组能够提高草鱼对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗能力,表现为死亡率降低和进入血液的细菌减少,其中5%玉屏风散组效果最佳。实验表明,玉屏风散能够有效促进罗非鱼生长,对其非特异性免疫指标以及免疫相关基因表达均有不同程度的促进作用,并能够有效地提高草鱼的免疫保护率。Abstract: In this study, we investigated the effects of Jade screen powder on the non-specific immune response and the expression of the related genes in tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) as well as the effects on the resistance to the infection in grass carps. In order to explore the bio-activity of traditional Chinese herb Jade screen powder on aquaculture, the fish was fed with the four groups of diets supplemented with Chinese herbs(2.5%, 5%, 10% Jade screen powder and 1% Qishen powder) for 2 weeks. For tilapia, all four Chinese herb groups exhibited increase in the rate of the body weight gain, and 10% Jade screen powder had the most significant effect. There was no difference in the index of liver, kidney, spleen and in the haematological parameters between the treated groups and the control. Compared to the control group, the levels of AST and ALT were lower in the treated groups, but the level of AKP in the 2.5% and 10% Jade screen powder groups and 1% Qishen powder group was higher. There was an insignificant increase in the activity of the serum lysozyme in tilapia treated with jade screen powder at all three concentrations. Moreover, the activity of plasma lysozyme increased significantly in the group fed with 2.5% Jade screen powder compared to the control(P0.05). The herbal treatment also insignificantly elevated the production of ROS(reactive oxygen species)(P0.05). The expression of HSP70 was affected by the herbal treatments in a tissue-specific pattern:it was up-regulated in the liver, and in the kidney 2.5% and 5% Jade screen powder boosted the expression, however the expression was down-regulated in the spleen. The expression of TGFRⅢ was also differently regulated by the herbs in various organs:2.5% Jade screen powder up-regulated the expression in the liver and the kidney, and 1% Qishen powder also had a stimulating effect in the kidney, and the expression could be enhanced by all treatments in spleen. Jade screen powder improved the resistance to the infection of Aeromonas hydrophila in grass carps, which was represented by the lower mortality rate and less bacteria in the blood, and 5% Jade screen powder was especially effective. These results suggested that Jade screen powder may improve the growth, the non-specific immune response and the expression of related genes in tilapia.
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