DISTRIBUTION OF SUBMERGED PLANTS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN GAOYOU LAKE
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摘要: 2016年对高邮湖沉水植物分布进行了采样调查, 并应用冗余分析法对沉水植物分布格局及其与主要环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明, 高邮湖现有沉水植物种类分布稀少, 其中春夏季菹草(Potamogeton crispus)是高邮湖沉水植物中绝对优势种, 其分布几乎遍及全湖, 穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)和篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)仅在个别点位少量分布。不同季节湖泊氮含量均可维持在Ⅲ类水标准, 而磷含量严重超标。相关分析发现, 沉水植物分布和透明度呈正相关, 与总磷、氨氮浓度显著负相关。Monte Carlo检验结果表明, 总磷和透明度是影响高邮湖沉水植物分布的主要环境因子。实验结果为进一步探讨高邮湖沉水植物资源的利用和保护提供依据。Abstract: Gaoyou Lake is the sixth largest freshwater lake in China, it is located between Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province. It has been located in the eastern part of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, playing an important role in the national water allocation strategy. Base on the investigation performed on the distribution of submerged plants in Gaoyou Lake in 2016, this paper analyzed the characteristics of distribution of submerged plants, and presented a relationship between submerged plants and key environmental factors with redundancy analysis. The results showed that there were few submerged plants in Gaoyou Lake. In addition, it was revealed that Potamogeton crispus was a dominant species and prevalent in the whole lake in late spring and summer seasons, which occupied all over the lake. Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton pectinatus were only visible in few sampling points as well. Nitrogen (N) content of Gaoyou Lake maintained at Ⅲ level in different seasons, whereas phosphorus severely exceeded the limit. The correlation analysis revealed that the distribution of submerged plants was positively correlated with water transparency, while negatively correlated with total phosphorus (P) and ammonium. Results of Monte Carlo analysis also showed that both the total phosphorus and water transparency were the main environmental factors playing key roles in the distribution of submerged plants in Lake Gaoyou. These results have provided a strong basis for utilization and protection of submerged plant resources in Gaoyou Lake.
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Keywords:
- Submerged plants /
- Distribution /
- Nitrogen /
- Phosphorous /
- Water transparency /
- Lake Gaoyou
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图 2 高邮湖沉水植物分布情况(a、c. 2016年4月; b. 2016年10月)
Figure 2. Distribution of submerged plants in Gaoyou Lake
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图 3 不同月份高邮湖N、P状况空间分布(a、c. 2016年4月; b、d. 2016年10月)
Figure 3. The concentration of N and P in Gaoyou Lake in different months
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图 5 RDA分析结果(沉水植物、采样点位与环境因子)
Figure 5. Results of redundancy analysis (submerged plants, sampling points and environment factors)
表 1 高邮湖水生植物分布情况
Table 1 Distribution of aquatic plants in Gaoyou Lake
时间Time 植物种类Plant species 分布点位Distribution point 2016年4月 沉水植物 菹草Potamogeton crispus G1—G24, 几乎遍及全湖 穗状狐尾藻Myriophyllum spicatum G4 篦齿眼子菜Potamogeton pectinatus G11、G14 挺水植物 菰Zizania latifolia G17、G18 芦苇Phragmites australis G17、G18、G20 浮叶植物 荇菜Nymphoides peltatum G11 2016年10月 沉水植物 菹草Potamogeton crispus G17、G21 穗状狐尾藻Myriophyllum spicatum G1、G2 篦齿眼子菜Potamogeton pectinatus G1、G17 水盾草Cabomba caroliniana (入侵种) G2 挺水植物 菰Zizania latifolia G21 芦苇Phragmites australis G2、G3 浮叶植物 荇菜Nymphoides peltatum G1、G3、G8、G9、G10、G17、G21 野菱Trapa incisa var.quadrispinosa G1、G2、G9、G10、G17 
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表 2 沉水植物与水环境因子的相关性
Table 2 Correlation between submerged plants and environmental factors
指标Index 生物量Biomass 水深Depth 透明度Transparency TP TDP TN ${\rm{NH}}_4^{+}$ 
${\rm{NO}}_3^{–}$ 
${\rm{NO}}_2^{–}$ 
盖度Coverage 0.79** –0.45* 0.52** –0.66** 0.28 0.13 –0.51* 0.38 0.26 生物量Biomass –0.27 0.42* –0.42* 0.41 0.08 –0.28 0.55** 0.46* 水深Depth –0.328 0.53** –0.14 –0.35 0.06 –0.39 –0.25 透明度Transparency –0.27 0.07 0.30 –0.43 0.70** 0.48* TP –0.16 –0.02 0.52* –0.31 –0.18 TDP –0.04 –0.04 –0.07 0.53* TN 0.13 0.16 –0.02 ${\rm{NH}}_4^{+}$ 
–0.20 –0.15 ${\rm{NO}}_3^{–}$ 
0.64** 注: **. 在0.01 水平(双侧)上显著相关, *. 在0.05 水平(双侧)上显著相关Note: * means significant difference (P<0.05), and** means extremely significant difference (P<0.01)
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