饲料蛋白水平对湘华鲮幼鱼生长性能、体成分及血清生化指标的影响

EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BODY COMPOSITION AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF JUVENILE SINILABEO DECORUS TUNGTING (NICHOLS)

  • 摘要: 为研究饲料中不同蛋白水平对湘华鲮Sinilabeo decorus Tungting (Nichols)幼鱼形体指标、体成分及血清生化指标的影响, 配制蛋白水平为32.57%、37.58%、42.76%、47.83%和52.22%的5种等脂饲料。选取初始质量为(14.40±1.08) g的湘华鲮幼鱼450尾, 随机分成5组, 每组3个重复, 每个重复30尾, 进行为期60d的饲养实验。结果表明: (1)饲料不同蛋白水平对湘华鲮的成活率和饲料系数无显著影响(P>0.05); 蛋白质效率随饲料蛋白水平的升高显著降低(P<0.05); 52.22%蛋白组的增重率和特定生长率均显著低于32.57%和42.76%蛋白组(P<0.05)。(2)随着饲料蛋白水平升高, 湘华鲮肥满度呈降低趋势, 且52.22%蛋白组显著低于其他组(P<0.05); 肝体比呈先降后升的趋势, 且37.58%蛋白组显著低于32.57%、47.83%和52.22%蛋白组(P<0.05); 肠体比呈降低趋势, 且52.22%蛋白组显著低于32.57%蛋白组(P<0.05)。(3)湘华鲮肌肉粗蛋白质含量随着饲料蛋白水平升高而增大, 且52.22%蛋白组显著大于32.57%和37.58%蛋白组(P<0.05), 42.76%蛋白组显著大于32.57%蛋白组(P<0.05); 饲料蛋白水平对全鱼的水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、灰分及肌肉的水分和粗脂肪含量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。(4)肌肉中均检测出17种氨基酸(除色氨酸), 其中52.22%蛋白组的必需氨基酸总和(ΣEAA)、非必需氨基酸总和(ΣNEAA)、鲜味氨基酸总和(ΣDAA)及氨基酸总和(ΣTAA)显著大于32.57%蛋白组(P<0.05)。(5)不同蛋白组间甘油三酯(TG)和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)水平均表现为37.58%<32.57%<42.76%<47.83%<52.22%, 且52.22%蛋白组显著高于37.58%蛋白组(P<0.05)。综合生长性能、形体指标、体成分及血清生化指标, 初步认定湘华鲮幼鱼最适蛋白质水平为37.58%—42.76%。通过特定生长率(SGR)和饲料蛋白水平的折线法分析表明, 湘华鲮幼鱼达到最大生长时饲料蛋白质水平为42.91%。

     

    Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein on condition factors, body composition and serum biochemical indices of juvenile Sinilabeo decorus Tungting (Nichols). Five isolipidic and isoenergetic diets were formulated containing 32.57%, 37.58%, 42.76%, 47.83% and 52.22%, respectively. A total of 450 juvenile S. decorus tungting with the average initial weight of (14.10±1.08) g were randomly distributed into five groups with three replicates per group containing 30 juvenile S. decorus Tungting per replicate for 60 days. The results indicated that the survival ratio (SR) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) had no significant differences among groups (P>0.05). Protein efficiency declined with increased dietary protein levels (P<0.05). The weight gain rate (WGR) and the specific growth rate (SGR) of 52.22% group were significantly lower than those of 32.57% and 42.76% groups (P<0.05). The condition factor (CF) and the intestine length ratio (ILR) decreased with increased dietary protein levels, in which 52.22% group were significantly lower than 32.57% group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in body chemical composition, except muscle crude protein and ash. With the increase of dietary protein level, the muscle crude protein increased. Seventeen amino acids were found in fish muscle. The contents of Met, Ile, Leu, Asp, Ser, Glu, Ala, Arg, ƩEAA, ΣDAA and ΣTAA in dorsal muscle of 32.57% group were significantly lower than those in 52.22% group. With the increase of dietary protein level, the triglyceride (TG) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) in serum were increased, except the 37.58% group. The optimum level of dietary protein for juvenile S. decorus Tungting is estimated to 37.58%—42.76% under the current experimental condition. Broken-line of SGR estimated that protein requirements for the maximum growth was about 42.91% for juvenile S. decorus Tungting.

     

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