植物蛋白替代鱼粉对克氏原螯虾生长和繁殖的影响

姚俊鹏; 谭青松; 朱艳红; 徐迎燕; 朱文欢

doi:10.7541/2020.058

植物蛋白替代鱼粉对克氏原螯虾生长和繁殖的影响

1.
华中农业大学水产学院，农业部淡水生物繁育重点实验室，武汉 430070
2.
武汉渔业技术推广和指导中心，武汉 430012
3.
池塘健康养殖湖北省工程实验室，武汉 430070

基金项目: 国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2007BAD37B01); 华中农业大学博士科研基金(52204-08003)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
姚俊鹏(1991—)，男，硕士研究生; 主要从事水产动物营养与饲料研究。E-mail: yaojunpeng@webmail.hzau.edu.cn

通信作者:
谭青松(1971—)，副教授，硕士生导师; E-mail: tanqs2000@163.com

中图分类号: S968.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-27
- 修回日期: 2019-09-16
- 网络出版日期: 2020-05-18
- 发布日期: 2020-04-30

EFFECTS OF DIETARY FISH MEAL REPLACEMENT WITH VEGETABLE PROTEIN ON REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF RED SWAMP CRAYFISH, PROCAMBARUS CLARKII

1.
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Fisheries College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
2.
Fisheries Technical Extension and Guidance Center of Wuhan, Wuhan 430012, China
3.
Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China

Funds: Supported by the Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program (2007BAD37B01); the Scientific Research Foundation for Doctor of Huazhong Agricultural University (52204-08003)

Corresponding author:

摘要

摘要: 为了探究复合植物性蛋白(豆粕﹕菜粕=1﹕1)替代鱼粉对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)生长以及繁殖性能的影响, 实验以豆粕和菜粕为植物性蛋白源配制了6组不同替代水平的等氮等能的饲料并选取其中替代水平较高的3组添加蛋氨酸和赖氨酸, 进行为期10周的养殖实验。实验结果表明: 随着饲料中植物蛋白水平的提高, 克氏原螯虾增重率和绝对繁殖力均显著下降(P<0.05)。与对照组相比, 添加适量的植物性蛋白(33.8%)能显著提高克氏原螯虾的生长性能的同时对其绝对繁殖力和性腺指数无明显影响(P<0.05)。此外, 在饲料中添加高水平的植物蛋白抑制克氏原螯虾的生长并且降低其繁殖能力, 而在饲料中补充赖氨酸和蛋氨酸可以很好地改善这一状况。另外, 尽管每组饲料的处理方式不同, 但是克氏原螯虾性腺指数与绝对繁殖力变化一致。
- 克氏原螯虾 /
- 氨基酸 /
- 植物性蛋白 /
- 繁殖性能 /
- 生长状况
Abstract: To explore the effects of dietary fish meal replacement by mixed vegetable protein (equal amounts of soybean meal and rapeseed meal) on the growth and reproduction performance of adult red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), nine diets including six levels of mixed vegetable protein and with/without crystalline lysine and methionine supplementation were formulated for a 10-week trial. The results indicated that the weight gain rate, absolute fecundity of adult crayfish, and GSI of female crayfish decreased significantly (P<0.05) as the dietary vegetable protein level increased. Compared with the control group, proper inclusion (33.8%) of vegetable protein in the diet significantly (P<0.05) improved the growth of crayfish without impacting the absolute fecundity and gonadosomatic index (GSI). Amino acids supplementation in the diets containing vegetable protein prevented the depression of growth and fecundity. In addition, high plant protein inhibited the growth of adult red swamp crayfish and reduced the reproductive capacity, and the addition of lysine and methionine reversed these defects. In addition, although the food formula of each group is different, the gland index of Procambarus clarkii is consistent with the change of absolute fecundity.
- Red swamp crayfish /
- Amino acid /
- Vegetable protein /
- Reproduction performance /
- Growth performance

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图 1 植物蛋白源替代鱼粉对克氏原螯虾繁殖能力的影响

数值用平均值±标准差(n=12)表示。在同一系列数据中, 不同的上标表示不同饲料组间差异显著(P<0.05), 大写字母表示绝对繁殖力的差异性, 小写字母表示性腺指数的差异性

Figure 1. Effects of fish meal replacement by plant-protein source on the reproduction performance of Procambarus clarkii

Values were expressed as Mean±SD (n=12). Bars which do not share a same superscript are significantly different from each other (P<0.05). Upper cases and lower cases represent the significance of the absolute fecundity and GSI respectively

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表 1 饲料的组成和营养成分(g/kg, 饲喂状态)

Table 1 Formulations and nutritional composition of experimental diets (g/kg as fed basis)

原料Ingredient	V0	V34	V50	V65	V73	V81	VA48	VA63	VA78
鱼粉Fish meal	516.0	300.0	200.0	100.0	50.0	0.0	200.0	100.0	0.0
植物蛋白¹Vegetable protein ¹		338.0	495.0	652.0	730.0	809.0	477.0	627.0	779.0
玉米淀粉Corn starch	308.0	207.0	160.0	113.0	89.0	66.0	165.0	120.0	75.0
大豆Soya oil	18.0	34.5	42.0	49.5	53.5	57.0	42.5	50.0	57.5
磷酸二氢钙Calcium biphosphate	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
50%氯化胆碱Choline chloride (50%)	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
胆固醇Cholesterol	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
2%虾青素预混料2% Astaxanthin premix	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
小龙虾预混料Premix for crayfish ²	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lysine hydrochloride							6.0	8.0	9.5
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Methionine							2.5	3.5	4.0
包膜维生素C Vitamin C (Coated)	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
氯化钠Sodium chloride	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
羧甲基纤维素Carboxymethyl cellulose	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
微晶纤维素Microcrystalline cellulose	94.8	57.3	39.8	22.3	14.3	4.8	43.8	28.3	11.8
营养成分Proximate composition (g/kg)
水分Moisture	97.9	94.4	98.6	97.4	96.8	95.5	97.0	95.9	94.7
粗蛋白Crude protein	305.0	308.4	306.4	307.7	307.4	307.0	309.7	308.8	312.5
粗脂肪Crude lipid	69.4	66.7	65.7	67.3	70.1	69.5	64.9	67.8	64.6
粗灰分Ash	77.5	73.2	72.7	75.3	76.0	74.8	75.8	75.3	73.4
注: ¹植物性蛋白是由豆粕和菜粕按照1﹕1的比例混合而成。每千克豆粕和菜粕中的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量分别是: 112 g、43 g、16 g 和 115 g、363 g、14 g; ²每千克虾料预混料含: 维生素 A 2000 IU, 维生素 D₃ 2400 IU; 维生素 K₃ 15 mg; 维生素E 100 mg; 维生素 B₁ 5 mg; 维生素 B₂ 15 mg; 维生素 B₆ 10 mg; 维生素B₁₂ 0.02 mg; 烟酸 150 mg; 叶酸 3 mg, D-泛酸钙 50 mg; 生物素 1 mg; 肌醇 200 mg; 镁 200 mg; 锰 80 mg; 铁 35 mg; 锌 50 mg; 铜 20 mg; 碘 1 mg; 钴 0.4 mg; 硒 0.225 mgNote: ¹ Vegetable protein was compounded from soybean meal and rapeseed meal at a ratio of 1﹕1. The moisture, protein and lipid contents in soybean meal and rapeseed meal were (g/kg): 112, 43, 16 and 115, 363, 14, respectively; ² Premix for crayfish provided (/kg diet): vitamin A 2000 IU; vitamin D₃ 2400 IU; vitamin K₃ 15 mg; vitamin E 100 mg; vitamin B₁ 5 mg; vitamin B₂ 15 mg; vitamin B₆ 10 mg; vitamin B₁₂ 0.02 mg; niacin 150 mg; folic acid 3 mg; D-calcium pantothenate 50 mg; biotin 1 mg; inositol 200 mg; magnesium 200 mg; manganese 80 mg; iron 35 mg; zinc 50 mg; copper 20 mg; iodine 1 mg; cobalt 0.4 mg; selenium 0.225 mg

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表 2 饲料氨基酸成分(g/kg 干物质)

Table 2 Analyzed amino acid composition of experimental diets (g/kg dry matter)

氨基酸Amino acid	V0	V34	V50	V65	V73	V81	VA48	VA63	VA78
赖氨酸Lys	25.2	22.0	19.8	19.2	18.5	17.7	25.4	24.7	24.9
蛋氨酸Met	8.5	7.3	6.4	5.8	5.0	4.7	8.6	8.9	8.7
精氨酸Arg	18.3	19.4	20.1	20.5	20.5	21.1	19.5	19.9	21.0
组氨酸His	8.4	8.6	8.7	8.8	8.9	8.6	8.5	8.4	8.3
异亮氨酸Ile	13.0	12.7	12.8	12.7	12.0	12.8	12.6	12.3	11.9
亮氨酸Leu	22.5	22.3	22.4	20.5	21.6	21.0	21.9	21.8	22.3
缬氨酸Val	15.0	14.8	14.2	15.3	14.9	14.8	14.5	14.9	14.3
苯丙氨酸Phe	12.2	13.0	13.3	13.7	13.9	13.3	13.0	13.2	13.5
苏氨酸Thr	13.5	13.0	13.3	13.4	13.6	12.9	13.0	12.8	13.2
胱氨酸Cys	3.3	3.9	4.8	4.9	5.2	5.1	4.3	4.8	4.7
络氨酸Tyr	7.6	8.4	8.8	9.7	10.1	10.3	8.8	9.3	9.7
天门冬氨酸Asp	27.6	29.4	28.8	30.7	30.2	28.9	29.3	29.0	29.4
丝氨酸Ser	12.7	13.4	13.9	14.0	14.7	15.2	14.7	13.8	14.2
谷氨酸Glu	38.8	47.6	48.1	53.4	56.5	53.5	48.9	52.3	54.1
甘氨酸Gly	23.6	19.4	18.7	15.7	16.8	15.4	16.9	15.5	15.3
丙氨酸Ala	18.7	17.3	16.3	15.4	14.5	14.0	15.6	14.7	12.4
总氨基酸Total amino acid	268.9	272.5	270.4	273.7	276.8	269.3	275.5	276.3	277.9

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表 3 植物性蛋白源替代鱼粉对克氏原螯虾成虾生长性能的影响

Table 3 Effects of fish meal replacement by vegetable source on growth performance of adult Procambarus clarkii^*

组别Group	初始体重 Initial body weight (g)	终末体重 Final body weight (g)	增重率 Weight gain rate (%)	成活率Survival rate (%)
V0	28.72±0.41	32.0±0.46^abc	11.40±0.69^bcd	93.3±6.7
V34	28.52±0.18	32.13±0.15^ab	12.67±0.03^d	93.3±6.7
V50	28.02±0.07	30.95±0.02^bc	10.47±0.40^abc	91.1±3.8
V65	28.03±1.31	30.83±0.91^c	10.01±0.57^ab	86.7±11.5
V73	28.35±1.44	31.3±1.15^abc	10.42±0.16^abc	84.4±13.9
V81	28.05±0.82	30.81±0.63^c	9.85±0.06^a	84.4±15.4
VA48	28.56±0.63	32.07±0.63^ab	12.31±0.91^d	93.3±6.7
VA63	28. 02±1.20	31.35±0.72^abc	11.93±1.16^d	86.7±6.7
VA78	28.76±0.30	32.16±0.27^a	11.82±0.19^cd	80.0±6.7
注: 数值用平均值±标准差(n=3)表示; 同列数值后不同的上标字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)Note: Values were expressed as Mean±SD (n=3). Values within each column that do not share a same superscript are significantly different from each other (P<0.05)

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表 4 植物性蛋白源替代鱼粉对克氏原螯虾体组成的影响

Table 4 Effects of fish meal replacement with vegetable protein source on body composition (g/kg) of Procambarus clarkii

组别Group	水分Moisture	粗蛋白质Crude protein	粗脂肪Crude lipid	粗灰分Crude ash
V0	797.9±6.5	103.5±3.9	35.1±1.3	50.8±0.8
V34	788.6±4.7	105.3±6.4	35.6±0.9	51.0±0.9
V50	789.9±12.3	103.2±7.1	33.7±1.4	50.7±0.4
V65	795.2±8.9	100.1±6.5	35.0±1.4	51.5±2.4
V73	793.3±13.0	96.5±9.0	33.7±1.3	52.3±0.9
V81	794.1±6.6	95.1±4.7	36.1±0.9	52.1±1.5
VA48	797.7±29.8	100.2±19.2	35.7±0.9	52.2±0.1
VA63	792.4±22.2	101.0±15.4	34.3±1.0	51.4±0.8
VA78	782.6±10.0	99.4±7.4	35.2±1.3	51.0±1.4

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植物蛋白替代鱼粉对克氏原螯虾生长和繁殖的影响

作者简介: 姚俊鹏(1991—)，男，硕士研究生; 主要从事水产动物营养与饲料研究。E-mail: yaojunpeng@webmail.hzau.edu.cn

通信作者: 谭青松(1971—)，副教授，硕士生导师; E-mail: tanqs2000@163.com

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EFFECTS OF DIETARY FISH MEAL REPLACEMENT WITH VEGETABLE PROTEIN ON REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF RED SWAMP CRAYFISH, PROCAMBARUS CLARKII

Corresponding author:

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作者简介:
姚俊鹏(1991—)，男，硕士研究生; 主要从事水产动物营养与饲料研究。E-mail: yaojunpeng@webmail.hzau.edu.cn

通信作者:
谭青松(1971—)，副教授，硕士生导师; E-mail: tanqs2000@163.com