盐度对大麻哈鱼幼鱼存活率、鳃ATP酶活力及其组织结构的影响

李培伦; 刘伟; 王继隆; 鲁万桥; 崔康成; 高文燕

doi:10.7541/2020.069

盐度对大麻哈鱼幼鱼存活率、鳃ATP酶活力及其组织结构的影响

李培伦^1,,
刘伟^1, ,,
王继隆¹,
鲁万桥¹,
崔康成^1,2,
高文燕^1,2

1.
中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所, 哈尔滨 150070
2.
上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 上海 201306

基金项目: 农业农村部财政专项物种资源保护项目(2010-2019); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HSY201712Q)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
李培伦(1989—), 男, 助理研究员; 主要从事鱼类生理生态研究。E-mail: lpl19890925@163.com

通信作者:
刘伟(1960—), 女, 研究员; 主要从事鱼类增养殖保护利用研究。E-mail: liuwei_1020@aliyun.com

中图分类号: Q178.
计量
- 文章访问数: 4631
- HTML全文浏览量: 1242
- PDF下载量: 74
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-03-27
- 修回日期: 2019-08-18
- 网络出版日期: 2020-03-06
- 发布日期: 2020-04-30

EFFECTS OF SALINITY ON SURVIVAL RATE, GILL ATPASE ACTIVITY AND GILL STRUCTURE OF JUVENILES CHUM SALMON

1.
Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Harbin 150070, China
2.
College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China

Funds: Supported by the Species Resources Conservation Project of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas(2010-2019); Fundamental Research Business Expenses of Central Public Welfare Research Institutions(HSY201712Q)

Corresponding author:

摘要

摘要: 为研究不同盐度对大麻哈鱼幼鱼存活率、鳃ATP酶活力及其组织结构的影响, 试验共设置4个盐度组(S0、S8、S16、S24), 试验周期42d, 解剖取鱼鳃测定ATP酶活力, 并运用组织切片及扫描电镜技术观察其鳃组织结构的变化。结果显示: S8和S16组大麻哈鱼幼鱼存活率最高, 均达到98.89%, S0组存活率为94.45%, 而S24组存活率最低, 为83.34%。随着盐度的升高, 大麻哈鱼幼鱼鳃组织Na⁺/K⁺-ATP和Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-ATP酶活力均呈现出先升高后下降的趋势且酶活力最高的均为S8组、最低的为S24组。鳃丝宽度随盐度升高逐渐增大且各组之间呈现出显著性差异(P<0.05), 而鳃小片长度和宽度均随盐度升高逐渐减小。扫描电镜结果表明随着盐度的升高线粒体丰富细胞数量逐渐增多、顶膜变小且微绒毛消失; 同S0组相比, S8组和S16组鳃丝表面扁平上皮细胞之间的轮廓更加清楚且环形微脊条纹清晰, 而S24组鳃丝表面扁平上皮细胞之间界限模糊, 环形微脊间有融合或间断情况; 鳃小片底部扁平上皮细胞表层结构由清晰逐渐变得混乱、气孔数量逐渐减少且孔径变小。因此推测大麻哈鱼幼鱼在降海阶段适宜的盐度生存范围可能介于8‰—16‰, 具体有待进一步研究。
- 大麻哈鱼 /
- 盐度 /
- 鳃丝 /
- 鳃小片 /
- 线粒体丰富细胞
Abstract: In this study, chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) were cultured in different salinities for 0, 8, 16 and 24 for 42 days to investigate the effects of salinity level on survival rate, ATP enzyme activity and gill structure. Chum salmon gills were dissected to measure ATP enzyme activity and to observe the gill structure under different salinities using histological photomicrography and scanning electron microscopy technologies for determining the mechanism of catadromous migration. The results showed that the survival rates of the S8 and S16 groups were the highest, reaching 98.89%; the survival rate of the S0 group was 94.45%, and for the S24 group, it was 83.34%. The Na⁺/K⁺-ATP and Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-ATP enzyme activities first increased and then decreased with increasing salinity, and the highest enzyme activity was found for the S8 group, and the lowest enzyme activity was found for the S24 group. The gill filament width increased with increasing salinity, while the gill lamella length and width decreased, and the differences between these groups were significant (P<0.05). The number of mitochondria-rich cells gradually increased, the apical membrane area decreased and the microvilli disappeared with the increase in salinity, as observed by electron microscopy. The boundaries between the flat epithelial cells on the surface of the gill filament and the circular micro ridges in the S8 group and the S16 group were clearer than those of the S0 group, while the boundaries between the flat epithelial cells on the surface of the gill filament were blurry, and fusion or discontinuity between annular microridges was observed in the S24 group. The surface structures of the flat epithelial cells at the bottom of the gill patches gradually changed from being organized to being disorganized, the number of stomata gradually decreased, and the pore sizes were reduced. According to these results, the suitable salinity range in which juvenile chum salmon survive was suggested to be between 8‰ and 16‰ during the catadromous migration stage, a supposition that needs to be confirmed by further study.
- Chum salmon /
- Salinity /
- Gill filament /
- Gill lamella /
- Mitochondria-rich cell

HTML全文

图 1 不同盐度下大麻哈鱼幼鱼鱼鳃ATP酶活力

不同字母表示存在显著差异(P<0.05)

Figure 1. ATP enzyme activity levels of juvenile chum salmon at different salinities

Different letters denote significant differences (P<0.05) between salinity groups

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图版Ⅰ 盐度对大麻哈鱼幼鱼鳃组织的影响

1. S0组鳃丝和鳃小片; 2. S0组鳃丝和鳃小片上各类细胞; 3. S0组鳃丝顶端; 4. S0组鳃丝顶端软骨细胞; 5. S8组鳃丝和鳃小片; 6. S8组鳃丝和鳃小片上各类细胞; 7. S8组鳃丝顶端; 8. S8组鳃丝顶端放大; 9. S16组鳃丝和鳃小片; 10. S16组鳃丝和鳃小片上各类细胞; 11. S16组鳃丝顶端; 12. S16组鳃丝顶端放大; 13. S24组鳃丝和鳃小片; 14. S24组鳃丝和鳃小片上各类细胞; 15. S24组鳃丝顶端; 16. S24组鳃丝顶端放大; GF: 鳃丝; GL: 鳃小片; MRC: 线粒体丰富细胞; PVC: 扁平上皮细胞; PIC: 柱细胞; BC: 血细胞; CC: 软骨细胞

图版Ⅰ. The effect of salinity on the gills of the juvenile chum salmon juveniles

1. Gill filament and lamella at salinity of 0; 2. each type of cells on gill filament and lamella at salinity of 0; 3. the top of gill filament at salinity of 0; 4. chondrocyte at the top of gill filament at salinity of 0; 5. gill filament and lamella at salinity of 8; 6. each type of cells on gill filament and lamella at salinity of 8; 7. the top of gill filament atsalinity of 8; 8. chondrocyte at the top of gill filament at salinity of 8; 9. gill filament and lamella at salinity of 16; 10. each type of cells on gill filament and lamella at salinity of 16; 11. the top of gill filament at salinity of 16; 12. chondrocyte at the top of gill filament at salinity of 16; 13. gill filament and lamella at salinity of 24; 14. each type of cells on gill filament and lamella at salinity of 24; 15. the top of gill filament at salinity of 24; 16. chondrocyte at the top of gill filament at salinity of 24; GF: gill filament; GL: gill lamellae; MRC: mitochondrial-rich cell; PVC: pavement cell; PIC: pillar cell; BC: blood cells; CC: chondrocyte

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图版Ⅱ 不同盐度下大麻哈鱼幼鱼鳃丝表层结构扫描电镜图

1. S0组鳃丝表层结构; 2. S0组线粒体丰富细胞; 3. S0组鳃小片底部表层结构; 4. S0组鳃小片底部气孔; 5. S8组鳃丝表层结构; 6. S8组线粒体丰富细胞; 7. S8组鳃小片底部表层结构; 8. S8组鳃小片底部气孔; 9. S16组鳃丝表层结构; 10. S16组线粒体丰富细胞; 11. S16组鳃小片底部表层结构; 12. S16组鳃小片底部气孔; 13. S24组鳃丝表层结构; 14. S24组线粒体丰富细胞; 15. S24组鳃小片底部表层结构; 16. S24组鳃小片底部气孔; GF: 鳃丝; GL: 鳃小片; CM: 环形微嵴; MRC: 线粒体丰富细胞; MIC: 微绒毛; PVC: 扁平上皮细胞; MC: 黏液细胞; S: 气孔

图版Ⅱ. Scanning electron micrographs of the surface structure of the gill filaments in chum salmon at different salinities

1. Surface structure of gill filament at salinity of 0; 2. the mitochondrial-rich cell at salinity of 0; 3. surface structure at the bottom of gill lamellae at salinity of 0; 4. the stomata at the bottom of lamellae at salinity of 0; 5. surface structure of gill filament at salinity of 8; 6. the mitochondrial-rich cell at salinity of 8; 7. surface structure at the bottom of gill lamellae at salinity of 8; 8. the stomata at the bottom of lamellae at salinity of 8; 9. surface structure of gill filament at salinity of 16; 10. the mitochondrial-rich cell at salinity of 16; 11. surface structure at the bottom of gill lamellae at salinity of 16; 12. the stomata at the bottom of lamellae at salinity of 16; 13. surface structure of gill filament at salinity of 24; 14. the mitochondrial-rich cell at salinity of 24; 15. surface structure at the bottom of gill lamellae at salinity of 24; 16. the stomata at the bottom of lamellae at salinity of 24; GF: gill filament; GL: gill lamellae; CM: circular micro-ridge; MRC: mitochondrial-rich cell; MIC: microvillus; PVC: pavement cell; MC: mucus cell; S: stomata

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 在不同盐度条件下大麻哈鱼幼鱼的存活率

Table 1 Survival rates of juvenile chum salmon under different salinities

盐度Salinity	存活率Survival rate (%)
盐度Salinity	7d	14d	21d	28d	35d	42d
S0	100	100	98.89	98.89	96.67	94.45
S8	100	100	100	100	98.89	98.89
S16	100	100	98.89	98.89	98.89	98.89
S24	98.89	96.67	94.45	88.89	86.67	83.34

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 盐度对大麻哈鱼幼鱼鳃组织结构的影响

Table 2 Effects of salinity on the gill structures of juvenile chum salmon

盐度Salinity	鳃丝宽度Gill filament width (μm)	鳃小片间距Gill lamella distance (μm)	鳃小片长度Gill lamella length (μm)	鳃小片宽度Gill lamella width (μm)
S0	12.71±1.51^a	11.47±1.72^a	68.79±13.82^a	8.35±1.32^c
S8	24.32±3.32^b	12.29±2.56^b	65.42±5.45^a	7.77±0.89^b
S16	28.71±3.08^c	13.06±3.00^b	58.11±10.99^b	6.74±0.73^a
S24	33.68±2.81^d	12.02±2.68^b	52.52±7.30^b	6.28±0.75^a
注: 同列数据不同上标字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)Note: Superscripts in the same column indicate significant differences between groups (P<0.05)

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(29)

[1]	林浩然. 鱼类生理学 [M]. 广州: 中山大学出版社, 2011: 205-221 Lin H R. Fish Physiology [M]. Guangzhou: Sun Yatsen University Press, 2011: 205-221
[2]	魏渲辉, 汝少国, 徐路, 等. 海水和淡水适应过程中广盐性鱼类鳃氯细胞的形态与功能变化及其激素调节 [J]. 海洋科学, 2001, 25(4): 16-20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3096.2001.04.006 Wei X H, Ru S G, Xu L, et al. Structural and functional changes of euryhaline fish branchial chloride cell and hormonal regulation during seawater and freshwater adaptation [J]. Marine Science, 2001, 25(4): 16-20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3096.2001.04.006
[3]	David H, Evans, Peter M, et al. The multifunctional fish gill: dominant site of Cas exchange, osmoregulation, acid-base regulation, and excretion of nitrogenous waste [J]. Physiological Reviews, 2005, 85(1): 97-177. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00050.2003
[4]	房子恒. 不同盐度对半滑舌鳎幼鱼生长的影响及其生理生态学机制的研究 [D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2013: 3-7 Fang Z H. Effects of salinity on the growth of juveniles tongue sole and its eco-physiological mechanisms [D]. Qingdao: Chinese Ocean University, 2013: 3-7
[5]	Dabom K, Cozzi R R F, Marshall W S. Dynamics of pavement cell-chloride cell interactions during abrupt salinity change in Fundulus heteroclitus [J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2001, 204(11): 1889-1899.
[6]	尹飞, 孙鹏, 彭士明, 等. 低盐度胁迫对银鲳幼鱼肝脏抗氧化酶、鳃和肾脏ATP 酶活力的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(4): 1059-1066. Yin F, Sun P, Peng S M, et al. Effects of low salinity stress on the antioxidant enzyme activities in juvenile Pampus argenteus liver and the ATPase activities in its gill and kidney [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(4): 1059-1066.
[7]	于娜, 李加儿, 区又君, 等. 不同盐度下鲻鱼幼鱼鳃和肾组织结构变化 [J]. 生态科学, 2012, 31(4): 424-428. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-8873.2012.04.014 Yu N, Li J E, Ou Y J, et al. Structural changes in gill and kidney of juvenile grey mullet under different salinity [J]. Ecological Science, 2012, 31(4): 424-428. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-8873.2012.04.014
[8]	刘娟娟, 王京数, 赵珣, 等. 不同盐度和驯养时间中华鲟子二代幼鱼鳃的显微结构变化 [J]. 水生态学杂志, 2015, 36(1): 60-65. Liu J J, Wang J S, Zhao X, et al. Microstructure changes in the gill epithelia of second filial Acipenser sinensis juvenile acclimated to various salinities for different time [J]. Journal of Hydroecology, 2015, 36(1): 60-65.
[9]	王雯, 区又君, 温久福, 等. 不同盐度对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼血清离子浓度和激素水平的影响及其与鳃MRCs渗透调节功能的关系 [J]. 水产学报, 2017, 41(9): 1383-1391. Wang W, Qu Y J, Wen J F, et al. Effects of various salinities stress on the relationship between concentrations of ions, hormones in serum and gill mitochondrion-rich cells osmotic regulations of Epinephelus coioides juveniles [J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2017, 41(9): 1383-1391.
[10]	温久福, 蓝军南, 曹明, 等. 盐度对花鲈幼鱼鳃、脾及肌肉组织结构的影响 [J]. 渔业科学进展, 2020, 41(1): 112-118. Wen J F, Lan J N, Cao M, et al. Effect of salinity on histological structure of gills, spleen and muscle in Lateolabrax maculatus juveniles [J]. Progress in Fishery Sciences, 2020, 41(1): 112-118.
[11]	伍献文. 中国经济动物志 [M]. 淡水鱼类. 北京: 科学出版社, 1979, 24-25 Wu W X. China’s Economic Animal Chronicles [M]. Freshwater fishes. Beijing: Science Press, 1979: 24-25
[12]	任慕莲. 黑龙江鱼类 [M]. 哈尔滨: 黑龙江人民出版社, 1981: 17-19 Ren M L. Fishes of Heilongjiang [M]. Harbin: Heilongjiang People’s Press, 1981: 17-19
[13]	Taniyama N, Kaneko N, Inatani Y, et al. Effects of seawater transfer and fasting on the endocrine and biochemical growth indices in juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) [J]. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2016, (236): 146-156.
[14]	王继隆, 唐富江, 刘伟. 大麻哈鱼的年龄与生长 [J]. 水生生物学报, 2012, 36(6): 1149-1155. doi: 10.7541/SP.J.1035.2012.01149 Wang J L, Tang F J, Liu W. Age and growth of Chum salmon [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2012, 36(6): 1149-1155. doi: 10.7541/SP.J.1035.2012.01149
[15]	王继隆, 刘伟, 唐富江, 等. 乌苏里江大麻哈鱼年龄结构及异龄组间生长差异 [J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2013, 22(1): 88-92. Wang J L, Liu W, Tang F J, et al. Age composition and growth difference of chum salmon migrating to Ussuri River [J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2013, 22(1): 88-92.
[16]	Kentaro M, Masa A F. Does size matter most? The effect of growth history on probabilistic reaction norm for salmon maturation [J]. Evolution, 2006, 60(7): 1516-1521. doi: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01230.x
[17]	Volobuav V V. Long-term changes in the biological parameters of chum salmon of the Okhotsk Sea [J]. NPAFC Bulletin, 2000, (2): 175-180.
[18]	刘伟, 战培荣, 赵春刚, 等. 黑龙江秋大麻哈鱼耳石形态发育研究 [J]. 水生生物学报, 2010, 34(6): 1069-1076. Liu W, Zhan P R, Zhao C G, et al. Study on morphological development of fall Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) otoliths in Heilongjiang River [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2010, 34(6): 1069-1076.
[19]	王臣, 刘伟, 战培荣, 等. 外源Sr²⁺在大麻哈鱼胚胎耳石上的沉积 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(10): 3189-3194. Wang C, Liu W, Zhan P R, et al. Exogenous Sr²⁺ sedimentation on otolith of chum salmon embryos [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(10): 3189-3194.
[20]	Kim N N, Choi Y J, Lim S G, et al. Effect of salinity changes on olfactory memory-related genes and hormones in adult chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta [J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,Part A, 2015(187): 40-47.
[21]	宋洪建, 刘伟, 王继隆, 等. 大麻哈鱼卵黄囊期仔鱼异速生长及其生态学意义 [J]. 水生生物学报, 2013, 37(2): 329-335. doi: 10.7541/2013.23 Song H J, Liu W, Wang J L, et al. Allometric growth during yolk-sac larval of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum) and consequent ecological significant [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2013, 37(2): 329-335. doi: 10.7541/2013.23
[22]	李培伦, 刘伟, 王继隆, 等. 大麻哈鱼放流期形态性状对体质量的影响分析 [J]. 水产学杂志, 2018, 31(2): 6-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3832.2018.02.002 Li P L, Liu W, Wang J L, et al. The relationship between morphometric characters and body mass of Oncorhynchus keta during the releasing period [J]. Chinese Journal of Fisheries, 2018, 31(2): 6-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3832.2018.02.002
[23]	Honda K, Kawakami T, Saito T, et al. First report of growth rate of juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta captured in the sea of Okhotsk offshore [J]. Ichthyological Research, 2019, 66(1): 155-159. doi: 10.1007/s10228-018-0643-6
[24]	Hwang P P, Sun C M, Wu S M, et al. Changes of plasma osmolality, chloride concentration and gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity in tilapia Oreochromis mosambicus during seawater acclimation [J]. Marine Biology, 1989, 100: 295-299. doi: 10.1007/BF00391142
[25]	曾霖, 雷霁霖, 刘滨, 等. 盐度对大菱鲆幼鱼鳃Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase活力、血清离子浓度和激素水平的影响 [J]. 动物学杂志, 2014, 49(3): 407-414. Zeng L, Lei J L, Liu B, et al. Effects of salinity on Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity in gills, and concentrations of ions and hormones in serum of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) [J]. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 2014, 49(3): 407-414.
[26]	Romao S, Freire C A, Fanta E. Ionic regulation and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity in gills and kidney of the antartica glomerular cod ice fish exposed to dilute sea water [J]. Journal of Fish Biology, 2001(59): 463-468.
[27]	罗海忠, 李伟业, 傅荣兵, 等. 盐度对四指马鲅(Eleutheronema tetradactylum)幼鱼生长及其鳃丝Na⁺/K⁺-ATP酶的影响 [J]. 渔业科学进展, 2015, 36(2): 94-99. doi: 10.11758/yykxjz.20150212 Luo H H, Li W Y, Fu R B, et al. The effects of salinity on the growth of juvenile Eleutheronema tetradactylum and Na⁺/K⁺-ATP enzyme [J]. Progress in Fishery Sciences, 2015, 36(2): 94-99. doi: 10.11758/yykxjz.20150212
[28]	Shen A C Y, Leatherland J F. Histogenesis of the pituitary in rainbow trout (Salmo cairdneri) in different ambient salinities particular reference to the rostral pars distalis [J]. Cell and Tissue Research, 1978, 189(2): 355-363.
[29]	区又君, 陈四海, 李加儿, 等. 珠江口池养梭鱼的光镜、扫描和透射电镜观察 [J]. 四川动物, 2013, 32(4): 550-554. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2013.04.015 Qu Y J, Chen S H, Li J E, et al. Light, scanning and transmission electron microscopical observation of gill of captive Liza haematocheila on the coast of Pearl River estuary [J]. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 2013, 32(4): 550-554. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2013.04.015

施引文献

资源附件(0)

图(3) / 表(2)

计量

文章访问数: 4631
HTML全文浏览量: 1242
PDF下载量: 74
被引次数: 0

盐度对大麻哈鱼幼鱼存活率、鳃ATP酶活力及其组织结构的影响

作者简介: 李培伦(1989—), 男, 助理研究员; 主要从事鱼类生理生态研究。E-mail: lpl19890925@163.com

通信作者: 刘伟(1960—), 女, 研究员; 主要从事鱼类增养殖保护利用研究。E-mail: liuwei_1020@aliyun.com

计量

出版历程

EFFECTS OF SALINITY ON SURVIVAL RATE, GILL ATPASE ACTIVITY AND GILL STRUCTURE OF JUVENILES CHUM SALMON

Corresponding author:

计量

出版历程

目录

作者简介:
李培伦(1989—), 男, 助理研究员; 主要从事鱼类生理生态研究。E-mail: lpl19890925@163.com

通信作者:
刘伟(1960—), 女, 研究员; 主要从事鱼类增养殖保护利用研究。E-mail: liuwei_1020@aliyun.com