BLOCKING EFFECT OF STATIC WATER AND FLOWING WATER BUBBLE CURTAIN ON SCHIZOTHORAX OCONNORI
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摘要: 为了探究不同水流条件下不同形式的气泡幕对异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax oconnori)趋避行为的影响。在黑暗环境下测试了两种流速条件(静水与流水)、三种气量(15、30、45 L/min)及两种摆放角度(与水流方向呈90°和45°)的气泡幕对异齿裂腹鱼的阻拦效果,在静水和流水条件下各设置一组空白对照(气量为0 L/min)。结果显示: (1)在静水条件下, 工况2阻拦率最高(50%); 在流水条件下, 工况7阻拦率最高(50%)。(2)气量15 L/min时, 流水及90°摆放阻拦时间显著大于其他工况; 30 L/min时, 静水及90°摆放阻拦时间远大于其他工况。(3)在静水和流水中, 当异齿裂腹鱼尝试次数达到6次左右时对气泡幕表现出适应性, 并在48min前通过气泡幕; (4)在流水中各工况下气泡幕的影响距离显著大于静水(P<0.05), 即异齿裂腹鱼产生逃逸行为时距离气管的距离显著大于静水中。研究可得出结论: 推荐阻拦效果最佳的组合方式为流水条件下15 L/min 90°摆放(工况7)、静水条件下30 L/min 90°摆放(工况2); 气泡幕连续阻拦时间不宜超过48min。实验结果可为实际工程中气泡幕的布置提供参考。Abstract: To explore the effects of different forms of bubble curtains on the avoidance behavior of the Schizothorax oconnori under different water flow conditions, two flow conditions (static water, flowing water), a blank control with a gas flow of 0 under both flow conditions, three gas flow (15, 30, 45 L/min) and two placement angles (90° and 45° to the water flow direction) were utilized under dark environment. The results showed that the working condition 2 had the highest hinder rate (50%) under static water conditions, and that the working condition 7 had the highest hinder rate (50%) under flowing water conditions. The hinder time under flowing water and 90° placement was significantly longer than other working conditions at 15 L/min of the air flow. The hinder time under static water and 90° placement was much longer than other working conditions at 30 L/min. In static water and flowing water, when the attempt number of Schizothorax oconnori reached about 6 times, it showed adaptability to the bubble curtain and passed through the bubble curtain within 48 minutes. The influence distance of the bubble curtain in the flowing water was significantly greater than that in the static water (P<0.05), and the distance from the bubble pipe was significantly greater than that in the static water when Schizothorax oconnori performed avoidance behavior. Therefore, the recommended condition for optimal hinder effect is to place 15 L/min 90 ° under flowing water conditions (Condition 7) and 30 L/min 90 ° under static conditions (Condition 2) with a continuous obstruction time of bubble curtains should not exceed 48 minutes. These results provide a reference for the practical engineering of the bubble curtain arrangement.
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Keywords:
- Schizothorax oconnori /
- Bubble curtain /
- Influence distance /
- Hinder effect /
- Flow condition
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图 1 实验装置简图
a. 潜水泵; b. 输水管; c. 下游蓄水池; d. 上游蓄水池; e. 实验区; f. 适应区; g. 整流栅; h. 拦鱼网; i. 90°气泡幕管; j. 45°气泡幕管
Figure 1. Plane view of experimental device
a. Underwater pump; b. Water pipe; c. Downstream reservoir; d. Upstream reservoir; e. Test zone; f. Adaptation zone; g. Straightening vane; h. Net fish screen; i. 90° bubble curtain pipe; j. 45° bubble curtain pipe
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图 2 气量×水流的交互作用对阻拦时间的影响
A、B表示静水条件下不同气量阻拦时间的差异性; a、b表示流水条件下不同气量阻拦时间的差异性; *表示相同气量下不同水流的差异性
Figure 2. The effect of the interaction of gas flow × water flow on blocking time
A and B represent the difference in hinder time of different gas flow under static water condition; a and b represent the difference in hinder time of different gas flow under flowing water condition; * represents the difference of different water flows at the same gas flow
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图 3 气量×摆放的交互作用对阻拦时间的影响
A、B表示90°摆放时不同气量阻拦时间的差异性; a、b表示45°摆放时不同气量阻拦时间的差异性; *表示相同气量时不同摆放的差异性
Figure 3. Influence of gas flow × placement interaction on hinder time
A and B represent the difference of hinder time of different gas flow when 90° placed; a and b represent the difference in hinder time of different gas flow when 45° placed; * represents the difference of different placement of the same gas flow
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图 4 不同工况下阻拦时间与尝试次数的关系
Figure 4. The relationship between the hinder time and the attempts under different conditions
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图 6 不同工况下气泡幕的影响距离分析
A、B表示不同工况下影响距离有显著性差异
Figure 6. influence distance analysis of bubble curtain under different working conditions
A and B represent significantly different influence distance under different working conditions
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图 7 气泡幕效果示意图(a. 静水条件 b. 流水条件)
Figure 7. Top view of bubble curtain effect (a. static water condition b. flowing water condition)
表 1 实验工况分组
Table 1 Grouping of experimental conditions
工况Working condition 水流条件Water flow conditions 摆放角度Placement angles (°) 气量Gas flow (L/min) 对照组Blank control 静水 90 0 1 15 2 30 3 45 4 15 5 30 6 45 对照组Blank control 流水 90 0 7 15 8 30 9 45 10 15 11 30 12 45 
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表 2 异齿裂腹鱼在不同工况下的阻拦率
Table 2 The obstructing rate of Schizothorax oconnori under different working conditions
工况Working condition 阻拦率Obstructing rate (%) 静水对照Static water control 0 1 10 2 50 3 10 4 20 5 20 6 10 流水对照Flowing water control 0 7 50 8 30 9 0 10 0 11 0 12 20
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表 3 不同工况下阻拦时间的单因变量三因素方差分析
Table 3 Univariate multifactor analysis of hinder time on different working condition
来源Source III型平方和Type III Sum of Squares df 均方Mean Square F值F-test P值P value 修正的模型Corrected Model 35922574.648a 11 3265688.604 3.208 0.001 截距Intercept 60561516.121 1 60561516.121 59.494 0.000 气量Gas flow 1760685.836 2 880342.918 0.865 0.424 水流Water flow 474436.554 1 474436.554 0.466 0.496 摆放方式Placement angles 6400439.101 1 6400439.101 6.288 0.014 气量×水流Gas flow×Water flow 13654789.644 2 6827394.822 6.707 0.002 气量×摆放方式Gas flow×Placement angles 9129656.056 2 4564828.028 4.484 0.014 水流×摆放方式Water flow×Placement angles 323675.545 1 323675.545 0.318 0.574 气量×水流×摆放方式Gas flow×Water flow×Placement angles 4253294.458 2 2126647.229 2.089 0.129 误差Error 103829791.922 102 1017939.136 统计Total 202055987.000 114 校正后总数Corrected Total 139752366.570 113
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