AN OVERVIEW ON SEVERAL LARGE DNA VIRUSES IN FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
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摘要: 淡水生态系统中的大DNA病毒指存在于淡水系统中、基因组大小接近或超过100 kb 的DNA病毒, 它们通常是感染鱼类、虾类及藻类等水生生物以及两栖类的病原体, 影响水产养殖动物的健康及淡水生态平衡。文章以虹彩病毒科(Iridoviridae) 的沼泽绿牛蛙病毒(Rana grylio virus, RGV)和大鲵蛙病毒(Andrias davidianus ranavirus, ADRV)、鱼蛙疱疹病毒科(Alloherpesviridae)的鲫疱疹病毒(Crucian carp herpesvirus, CaHV)、线头病毒科(Nimaviridae)的克氏原螯虾病毒(Procambarus clarkii nimavirus, PCV)及肌尾病毒科(Myoviridae)的铜绿微囊藻肌尾噬藻体-滇池株(Microcystis aeruginosa myovirus isolated from Lake Dianchi, MaMV-DC)为主线, 对淡水生态系统中几种大DNA病毒代表株的研究现状与文献进行概述, 并提出和讨论淡水水生大DNA病毒研究及水生病毒学科发展愿景, 以期为相关科研人员提供参考。Abstract: Large DNA viruses in freshwater ecosystems usually refers to the DNA viruses present in freshwater ecosystems, whose genome size is close to or more than 100 kb. They are usually pathogens that cause infections in aquatic organisms, including amphibians, fish, shrimp, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and so on. Viruses affect cultured aquatic animal health and freshwater ecological balance. The research trends and developments are summarized here. Primary literature focused on representative strains of several large DNA viruses in freshwater ecosystems, such as Rana grylio virus (RGV) and Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV) in the family Iridoviridae, crucian carp herpesvirus (CaHV) in tne family Alloherpesviridae, Procambarus clarkii nimavirus (PCV) in the family Nimaviridae, and Microcystis aeruginosa myovirus isolated from Lake Dianchi (MaMV-DC) in the family Myoviridae. The development prospects of freshwater large DNA viruse research and aquatic virology was discussed in order to provide reference for relevant researchers.
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图 1 蛙病毒RGV引起的蛙致死性出血综合症及其负染电镜图 (黄晓红 图)
Figure 1. Rana grylio virus (RGV) caused frog disease with lethal hemorrhagic syndrome and negative staining electron micrograph of the ranavirus particles. Bar=200 nm
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图 2 鲫疱疹病毒CaHV引起的高致死系统性出血症及感染鲫头肾超薄切片的电镜图 (方进 图)
Figure 2. Crucian carp herpesvirus (CaHV) caused disease with highlylethal systemic hemorrhagic symptoms and electron electronmicrograph of the infected Carassius auratus head kidney ultrathin section. Bar=200 nm
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图 3 小龙虾线头病毒PCV无症状感染的小龙虾及病毒核衣壳负染电镜图 (李涛 图)
Figure 3. Procambarus clarkia nimavirus (PCV) infected red swamp crayfish were asymptomatic and the negative staining electron micrograph of the viral nucleocapsid. Bar=200 nm
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