MICROALGAL CULTURE COLLECTION: FUNDAMENTAL PLATFORM FOR ALGAL RESEARCH AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
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摘要: 微藻是指一类形态微小, 能够进行光合作用, 以单细胞或简单多细胞形式存在的藻类。作为一类重要的生物资源, 活体微藻的保藏和共享服务是开展藻类科学研究和藻类产业发展的必要平台和基础。坐落于中国科学院水生生物研究所的淡水藻种库(FACHB-Collection)正式成立于1973年, 1996年作为创会成员加入中国科学院典型培养物保藏委员会; 2019年成为国家水生生物种质资源库的核心成员。该库保藏逾3400株微藻, 隶属于9门169属。年均为国内外用户提供2500株藻株, 并提供藻种鉴定、分离纯化和培养技术等方面的服务和咨询。文章回顾了国际微藻种质资源库的发展历史和现状, 介绍了国内微藻种质资源保藏情况, 着重介绍国家水生生物种质资源库——淡水藻种库在库藏藻株多样性、共享服务、藻株无菌化、超低温保藏技术及优良品种选育与应用等方面的进展, 瞄准提升我国在藻类学研究和藻类产业研发的竞争力, 提出了藻种资源库未来发展的建议。
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关键词:
- 微藻 /
- 种质资源 /
- 淡水藻种库 /
- 国家水生生物种质资源库
Abstract: Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic micro-organisms, and are regarded as an important resource for scientific research and algal industry. The Freshwater Algae Culture Collection at the Institute of Hydrobiology (FACHB-Collection) is a professional platform for the reservation and service of living algae in China, mainly maintaining freshwater algal species, and a small number of marine and brackish species as well. It was formally established in 1973, and was merged into National Aquatic Biological Resource Center in 2019. The FACHB-Collection currently holds more than 3400 strains, belonging to 169 genera and 9 phyla. It dispatches over 2500 strains to domestic and foreign users every year, and offers the technical consultation for algal identification, isolation and culturing. In an era of ever-increasing demands for high quality and diversified living algal strains, algal culture collections are playing active and irreplaceable roles in the algal study and algal commercialization. The paper introduces the foundation and development of major algal culture collections in the world, and then briefly summarizes the history of algal culture collections in China, emphasizing the driving forces promoting the establishment and development of algal resources collections with diverse purposes. We detail the major scientific and technological progresses in FACHB-Collection in the context of new discovery of species, methodological improvement in axenic culture and cryopreservation, and breeding and application of economically important species. Finally, the roles and challenges of algal culture collections as BRC in the future are analyzed to better serve algal study and algal industries. -
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图 1 铜绿微囊藻FACHB-905对外提供数量及其支撑发表文章篇数情况
Figure 1. Numbers of Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905 cultures dispatched from FACHB and published articles refer to FACHB-905
表 1 国际主要藻类保藏机构情况
Table 1 Main international algal culture collections
保藏机构Algal culture collection 英文名称和缩写English name and abbreviation 资源数量The number
of resources国家Country 德州大学藻种库 Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Texas at Austin (UTEX) 超过500属3000株 美国 哥廷根大学藻种库 Culture Collection of algae at Georg-August-University Göttingen (SAG) 约500属2400株 德国 日本国立环境研究所藻种库 Microbial Culture Collection at the National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES) 457属906种3002株 日本 藻类和原生动物保藏库 Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP) 超过2500株藻类和原生动物 英国 澳大利亚国立藻种库 Australian National Algae Culture Collection (ANACC) 超过300种1000株 澳大利亚 巴斯德蓝藻库 Pasteur Culture Collection of Cyanobacteria (PCC) 超过750株蓝藻 法国 
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表 2 淡水藻种库库藏藻种资源的数量和多样性
Table 2 Diversity and distribution of the 3427 strains currently available in the FACHB
类群Taxonomic groups 属数No. of genera 藻株数No. of strains 蓝藻门Cyanobacteria 44 937 绿藻门Chlorophyta 82 2152 硅藻门Bacillariophyta 20 225 金藻门Chrysophyta 8 35 甲藻门Dinophyta 6 16 裸藻门Euglenophyta 4 44 隐藻门Cryptophyta 2 9 红藻门Rhodophyta 2 6 黄藻门Xanthophyta 1 3 合计Total 169 3427
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