大鳞副泥鳅、泥鳅和北方泥鳅肉质比较分析

THE ANALYSIS OF THE MEAT QUALITY OF PARAMISGURNUS DABRYANUS, MISGURNUS ANGUILLICAUDATUS AND MISGURNUS BIPARTITUS

  • 摘要: 文章采用组织切片、生化组分分析以及实时荧光定量PCR等方法, 研究了大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)和北方泥鳅(Misgurnus bipartitus)肉质差异。结果显示: 大鳞副泥鳅、泥鳅和北方泥鳅的肌纤维横截面积分别为 (3589.17±2326.01)、(2809.7±1818.69) 和(2511.93±1949.03) μm2。粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均是大鳞副泥鳅最高分别为(17.07±0.31)%和(2.57±0.38)%, 依次为泥鳅分别为(14.57±0.59)%和(1.37±0.12)%和北方泥鳅分别为(12.33±0.15%和0.57±0.06%。必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)依次为泥鳅(74.38)、大鳞副泥鳅(65.11)和北方泥鳅(60.14); 呈味氨基酸含量依次为泥鳅(32.60±1.64)%、大鳞副泥鳅(27.75±2.13)%和北方泥鳅(24.86±1.00)%; 除亚油酸以外的总多不饱和脂肪酸含量依次为北方泥鳅(24.43±0.26)%、泥鳅(24.18±1.99)%和大鳞副泥鳅(7.86±0.24)%。大鳞副泥鳅的肌肉生长相关基因myod的表达量高, myogmrf4的表达量低; 泥鳅和北方泥鳅的myogmrf4的表达量高, myod的表达量低。elovl5等8个脂肪代谢相关基因的表达特征: 大鳞副泥鳅整体表达水平最高, 北方泥鳅次之, 泥鳅最低。结果表明, 大鳞副泥鳅肉质油润, 但是质地相对粗糙; 泥鳅营养价值高且鲜味程度高; 北方泥鳅肉质细嫩, 但是氨基酸营养价值不高, 鲜味程度较差。三种鳅的上述肉质差异可能与肌肉生长和脂肪代谢活动不同有关。

     

    Abstract: Meat quality is an important economic trait of cultured fish. There are few studies on meat quality of Paramisgurnus dabryanus, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Misgurnus bipartitus. The meat quality of P. dabryanus, M. anguillicaudatus and M. bipartitus were studied by tissue section, biochemical component analysis and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that the cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers of P. dabryanus, M. anguillicaudatus and M. bipartitus were (3589.17±2326.01) μm2, (2809.7±1818.69) μm2 and (2511.93±1949.03) μm2, respectively. For the crude protein and crude fat contents, P. dabryanus had the highest contents of (17.07±0.31)% and (2.57±0.38)%, followed by M. anguillicaudatus of (14.57±0.59)% and (1.37±0.12)% and M. bipartitus of (12.33±0.15)% and (0.57±0.06)%. The essential amino acid index (EAAI) of P. dabryanus, M. anguillicaudatus and M. bipartitus were 65.11, 74.38 and 60.14 respectively, and the content of flavor amino acid were (27.75±2.13)%, (32.60±1.64)% and (24.86±1.00)%, respectively. The content of total polyunsaturated fatty acid except linoleic acid in P. dabryanus, M. anguillicaudatus and M. bipartitus were (7.86±0.24)%, (24.18±1.99)% and (24.43±0.26)%, respectively. The expression level of myod, a marker for early stage of muscle growth, was high in P. dabryanus. But, the expression level of myog and mrf4, markers for late stage of muscle growth, were low in P. dabryanus. The expression level of myog and mrf4 were high in M. anguillicaudatus and M. bipartitus, and the expression level of myod was low. Analysis of eight lipid metabolism related genes including elovl5, P. dabryanus has the highest overall expression level, followed by M. bipartitus and M. anguillicaudatus. The results showed that the meat quality of P. dabryanus was oily but rough; the nutritional value and taste value of M. anguillicaudatus were high; the meat of M. bipartitus was tender, but the nutritional value about amino acids of M. bipartitus was not high. The meat quality between the three species may be related to the different muscle growth and fat metabolism activities.

     

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