饲料不同水平淀粉对全养殖周期异育银鲫“中科3号”生长和糖代谢的影响

梅玲玉; 韩冬; 巫丽云; 郭伟; 刘昊昆; 金俊琰; 杨云霞; 朱晓鸣; 解绶启

doi:10.7541/2021.2020.051

饲料不同水平淀粉对全养殖周期异育银鲫“中科3号”生长和糖代谢的影响

梅玲玉^1,2,,
韩冬^1,3, ,,
巫丽云^1,2,
郭伟^1,2,
刘昊昆¹,
金俊琰¹,
杨云霞¹,
朱晓鸣^1,3,
解绶启^1,3

1.
中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室, 武汉 430072
2.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.
湖北省水产动物营养与饲料工程技术研究中心, 武汉 430072

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900400); 国家自然科学基金(31672670和31972771)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
梅玲玉(1994—), 女, 硕士研究生; 主要从事鱼类生理生态学研究。E-mail: 2064016530@qq.com

通信作者:
韩冬(1979—), 博士, 研究员; E-mail: hand21cn@ihb.ac.cn

中图分类号: S965.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-20
- 修回日期: 2020-07-15
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-11
- 发布日期: 2021-05-14

A LONG-TERM CULTURE OF GIBEL CARP (CARASSIUS AURATUS GIBELIO) IN NET CAGES FOR 340 DAYS: EFFECTS OF DIETARY STARCH ON GROWTH AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM

1.
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan 430072, China

Funds: Supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (2018YFD0900400); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672670 and 31972771)

Corresponding author:

摘要

摘要: 研究探讨了饲料淀粉对全养殖周期异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)生长性能和糖代谢的影响。实验以玉米淀粉为主要糖源, 分别设计淀粉水平为3% (S3)、13% (S13)、23% (S23)、33% (S33)和43% (S43)的5种等氮等脂饲料, 在长江故道江面网箱中饲养初始体重为(12.0±0.1) g的异育银鲫幼鱼340d, 期间根据鱼体养成阶段共取样5次, 生长阶段分为63d(D63, 幼鱼期)、110d(D110, 养成前期)、223d(D223, 越冬期)、275d(D275, 越冬后)和340d(D340, 养成中后期)。研究结果表明, 幼鱼期D63异育银鲫后肠淀粉酶活力较低且对饲料淀粉水平变化不敏感, 自养成前期D110之后鱼体后肠淀粉酶活力增强且随饲料淀粉水平的变化产生波动。幼鱼期D63异育银鲫glut2 mRNA相对表达量无显著差异, 其他阶段异育银鲫glut2 mRNA相对表达量水平随饲料淀粉水平升高而升高。各个生长阶段异育银鲫糖酵解的敏感度高于糖异生代谢, 幼鱼期D63与养成前期D110异育银鲫糖脂转化能力较强。幼鱼期D63异育银鲫适宜饲料淀粉水平为23%; 养成前期D110异育银鲫适宜饲料淀粉水平减为13%; 越冬后D275组异育银鲫整体代谢旺盛, 43%淀粉组生长最好; 而在养成中后期D340异育银鲫饲料淀粉需求则再次降到33%。研究结果表明, 异育银鲫在养殖周期的不同阶段对饲料淀粉的需求和利用存在显著的差异, 可以为异育银鲫不同养殖阶段特有饲料配方的设计提供支撑。
- 异育银鲫 /
- 全养殖周期 /
- 饲料淀粉 /
- 需求 /
- 糖代谢 /
- 生长性能
Abstract: To study the effects of dietary carbohydrate on growth and glucose metabolism of gibel carp, 5 different diets with 3% (S3), 13% (S13), 23% (S23), 33% (S33) and 43% (S43 starch were formulated for a 340-day trail with 5 sampling times of day 63 (D63, the juveniles fish stage), day 110 (D110, the prophase cultivation period), day 223 (D223, overwintering stage), day 275 (D275, after overwintering stage) and day 340 (D340, the middle and late cultivation period). The results showed that gibel carp at different developmental stages had various starch utilization ability and glucose metabolism. The hindgut amylase activity and sensitiveness were low in the juveniles gibel carp and then increased from the prophase cultivation period. The activities of amylase in hindgut changed with the increased dietary starch level after D63. The GLUT2 mRNA level in gibel carp at D63 among groups were similar, while it increased with the increased dietary starch levels at D110, D275 and D340. The glycolysis was higher than gluconeogenesis in gibel carp at all stages. High glucose-induced lipogenesis was found in gibel carp at D63 and D110. The optimum dietary starch level was 23% for juvenile gibel carp at D63. The dietary starch requirement decreased to 13% for gibel carp at D113. After overwintering of D275, gibel carp showed a compensatory ability to utilize starch with the best growth performance in diet with 43% of dietary starch. At D340, gibel carp exhibited the best growth performance in 33% dietary starch group. The present results indicated that gibel have various abilities of the requirement and utilization of dietary starch at different developmental stages.
- Carassius auratus gibelio /
- Whole culture stage /
- Dietary starch /
- Requirement /
- Glucose metabolism /
- Growth peroformance

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图 1 饲喂不同淀粉水平饲料后异育银鲫后肠淀粉酶活性的变化

图中值为平均值±标准误, n=8, 不同字母表示不同饲料碳水化合物处理组差异显著(P<0.05),下图同

Figure 1. Amylase activities in hindgut of gibel carp fed with different starch diets

Values are Means±SE, n=8. Different letters show significant differences among different starch diets (P<0.05). The same applies bellow

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图 2 饲喂不同碳水化合物水平饲料异育银鲫血糖浓度(A)和血浆胆固醇(B)浓度变化

Figure 2. Plasma glucose (A) and cholesterol (B) of gibel carp fed with different starch diets

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图 3 饲喂不同淀粉水平饲料后异育银鲫肝糖原(A)和肌糖原(B)的变化

Figure 3. The levels of hepatic glycogen (A) and muscle glycogen (B) in gibel carp fed with different starch diets

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图 4 饲喂不同淀粉水平饲料后异育银鲫肝脏糖代谢相关基因mRNA相对表达量的变化

A. glut2的相对表达量; B. hk的相对表达量; C. gk的相对表达量; D. pepck的相对表达量; E. g6pc的相对表达量

Figure 4. Relative expression of hepatic glucose metabolism related genes of gibel carp fed with different starch diets

A. Relative expression of glut2; B. Relative expression of hk; C. Relative expression of gk; D. Relative expression of pepck; E. Relative expression of g6pc

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表 1 饲料配方及化学组成(%干物质)

Table 1 Formulation and chemical composition of the experimental diets (% dry matter)

原料Ingredient	饲料Diet
原料Ingredient	S3	S13	S23	S33	S43
秘鲁鱼粉Peruvian fishmeal	8.45	8.45	8.45	8.45	8.45
酪蛋白Casein	35.00	35.00	35.00	35.00	35.00
玉米淀粉Corn starch	3.00	13.00	23.00	33.00	43.00
鱼油Fish oil	3.37	3.37	3.37	3.37	3.37
豆油Soybean oil	3.37	3.37	3.37	3.37	3.37
纤维素Cellulose	40.11	30.11	20.11	10.11	0.11
氯化胆碱Choline chloride	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.11
磷酸二氢钙Ca(H₂PO₄)₂	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20
维生素预混物Vitamin premix ¹	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.39
矿物盐预混物Mineral premix ²	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
乙氧基喹啉Ethoxyquin	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
化学组成Chemical composition
能量Gross energy (kJ/g)	11.90	13.60	15.30	17.00	18.70
粗蛋白Crude protein	35.00	35.00	35.00	35.00	35.00
粗脂肪Crude lipid	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00
注: 1. 维生素预混物 Vitamin premix (mg/kg diet): 维生素B₁ Thiamin, 20; 维生素B₂ Riboflavin, 20; 维生素B₆ Pyridoxine, 20; 维生素B₁₂ Cyanocobalamine, 0.02; 叶酸 Folic acid, 5; 泛酸钙Calciumpatothenate, 50; 肌醇 Inositol, 100; 烟酸 Niacin, 100; 生物素Biotin, 0.1; 维生素C Ascorbic acid, 100; 维生素 A Retinol, 110; 维生素D Vitamin D, 20; 维生素E Vitamin E, 50; 维生素K Vitamin K, 10; 玉米淀粉 Corn starch, 645.2; 2. 矿物盐预混物Mineral premix (mg/kg diet): NaCl, 500.0; MgSO₄·7H₂O, 8155.6; NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O, 12500.0; KH₂PO₄, 16000.0; CaHPO₄·2H₂O, 7650.6; FeSO₄·7H₂O, 2286.2; C₆H₁₀CaO₆·5H₂O, 1750.0; ZnSO₄·7H₂O, 178.0; MnSO₄·H₂O, 61.4; CuSO₄·5H₂O, 15.5; CoSO₄·7H₂O, 0.9; KI, 1.5; Na₂SeO₃, 0.6; 玉米淀粉 Corn starch, 899

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表 2 RT-qPCR所用引物

Table 2 Primers used in RT-qPCR

引物Primer	序列Sequence (5′—3′)	GenBank登录号GenBank accession number
actin肌动蛋白	TTGAGCAGGAGATGGGAACCG	AB039726.2
actin肌动蛋白	GAGCCTCAGGGCAACGGAAA
glut2葡萄糖转运载体2	CTCGTGGATGAGCTACCTCAGCAT	KX898504
glut2葡萄糖转运载体2	CCCTGACTGAAGATCTCCGCCA
hk己糖激酶	TATGAGAAGATGATCAGCGGGATGTACC	KX898499
hk己糖激酶	ATCACACGTGCTGCTGATCAAGCCCA
gk葡萄糖激酶	GAGGAGATGCGTAAGGTGGAGCT	KX898498
gk葡萄糖激酶	TTCTCATACAGCTGATGTCCAGGGTT
pepck磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶	AGACAAACCCTCATGCCATGGCAAC	KX898506
pepck磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶	GGGTCTATGATGGGGCACTGG
g6pc葡萄糖-6- 磷酸酶	CCTTACTGGTGGGTCCATGAGACT	KX898505
g6pc葡萄糖-6- 磷酸酶	TGGGCCGGTCTCACAGGTCAT

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表 3 饲料淀粉水平对异育银鲫“中科3号”生长性能的影响

Table 3 Effects of dietary starch on growth performance of gibel carp

生长阶段Growth stage	饲料Diet	生长指标Growth Index
生长阶段Growth stage	饲料Diet	初始体重¹IBW (g)	终末体重²FBW (g)	增重率³WGR (%)	摄食率 ⁴FR (%BW/d)	饲料效率⁵FE (%)	特定生长率⁶SGR (%/d)	肥满度⁷CF (g/cm³)
D63	S3	12.00±0.08	77.25±2.55^a	540.62±44.83^a	2.38±0.03^b	97.07±2.53^a	2.96±0.03^a	2.80±0.08^a
	S13	12.00±0.06	75.45±4.16^a	528.72±47.98^a	2.25±0.07^b	102.36±5.38^a	2.92±0.04^a	3.02±0.08^a
	S23	12.00±0.09	94.14±3.53^c	684.43±39.35^c	1.96±0.08^a	125.28±6.19^b	3.27±0.03^c	3.31±0.06^b
	S33	12.00±0.06	86.36±1.56^b	619.69±33.55^b	2.18±0.12^ab	106.13±3.64^a	3.13±0.01^b	2.96±0.11^a
	S43	12.00±0.07	90.94±3.69^bc	624.51±31.80^bc	2.27±0.08^b	111.09±6.76^ab	3.21±0.03^bc	3.08±008^ab
D110	S3	76.58±1.34^ab	90.39±0.29^a	18.83±2.29^a	1.49±0.08	23.99±2.01^a	0.37±0.04^a	2.45±0.09^a
	S13	68.76±0.67^a	87.78±2.04^a	25.59±2.34^b	1.46±0.09	33.34±3.08^b	0.48±0.04^b	2.80±0.04^b
	S23	93.80±4.96^c	111.07±3.02^c	13.89±1.23^a	1.39±0.03	20.23±1.07^a	0.28±0.02^a	2.59±0.03^ab
	S33	86.02±4.61^bc	95.31±6.15^ab	15.82±0.48^a	1.43±0.02	21.38±0.61^a	0.31±0.01^a	2.66±0.14^ab
	S43	90.62±1.73^c	103.53±8.42^bc	14.64±2.53^a	1.41±0.02	20.59±1.59^a	0.29±0.04^a	2.73±0.08^ab
D223	S3	92.56±1.62^ab	99.02±1.58^a	9.47±1.09^a	—	—	—	2.54±0.04^a
	S13	87.37±0.98^a	105.45±1.26^a	22.65±3.26^b	—	—	—	3.48±0.16^d
	S23	102.11±4.49^b	120.96±3.17^c	9.12±1.14^a	—	—	—	3.17±0.08^c
	S33	101.33±5.57^b	104.88±1.39^a	6.29±1.01^a	—	—	—	2.84±0.01^b
	S43	99.17±4.58^ab	114.36±2.57^b	6.46±0.88^a	—	—	—	2.89±0.07^b
D275	S3	92.56±1.62^ab	133.9±5.8^a	38.02±12.16^a	1.25±0.03	48.51±6.31	0.69±0.05^a	—
	S13	87.37±0.98^a	141.42±4.84^ab	46.87±6.70^ab	1.26±0.05	48.42±9.70	0.71±0.02^ab	—
	S23	102.11±4.49^b	163.44±2.28^c	56.45±4.19^b	1.33±0.09	50.73±5.64	0.81±0.06^bc	—
	S33	101.33±5.57^b	156.55±5.31^bc	49.26±3.54^b	1.40±0.26	48.47±6.32	0.73±0.02^ab	—
	S43	99.17±4.58^ab	170.39±5.32^c	53.47±7.29^b	1.27±0.05	53.33±4.34	0.86±0.02^c	—
D340	S3	132.7±5.37^a	186.41±8.25^a	40.41±2.42^a	1.70±0.02^bc	31.16±0.67	0.65±0.02^a	2.68±0.06
	S13	141.16±5.02^a	219.07±2.48^b	53.19±5.42^b	1.74±0.01^c	32.63±1.51	0.82±0.06^b	2.54±0.21
	S23	169.3±7.15^b	268.05±5.59^c	58.74±3.37^b	1.67±0.07^ab	45.88±2.66	0.89±0.04^b	2.74±0.11
	S33	146.17±1.9^a	253.86±7.59^c	87.36±5.85^c	1.57±0.03^a	50.73±6.75	1.05±0.01^c	2.93±0.19
	S43	168.83±3.4^a	261.57±7.92^c	63.95±2.71^b	1.65±0.03^ab	48.34±6.43	0.85±0.05^b	2.96±0.08
注: 表中数值为平均值±标准误, 相同时间点同列数值有不同上标英文字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)Values are presented as mean±SE; Values in the same index with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05);¹初始体重 IBW (g). Initial body weight; ²终末体重 FBW (g). Final body weight; ³增重率 WGR (%)=100×(终末体重–初始体重)/初始体重, Weight gain rate (%)=100×(FBW–IBW)/IBW; ⁴摄食率FR (%BW/d)=100×干物质摄食量/[天数×(初始体重+终末体重)/2], Feeding rate (%BW/d)=100×dry feed intake / [days×(IBW+FBW)/2]; ⁵饲料效率 FE(%)=(100×鱼体平均增重)/平均摄食量Feed efficiency (%)=(100×fresh body weight gain)/dry feed intake; ⁶特定生长率 SGR (%/d)=100×[ln (终末体重)–ln (初始体重)]/天数, Specific growth rate(%/d)=100×[ln (IBW)–ln (FBW)]/days; ⁷肥满度 CF(g/cm³)=100×体重/体长³ Condition factor(CF; g/cm³)=100×body weight/(body length)³

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表 4 饲料淀粉水平对异育银鲫鱼体基本组分的影响(% 湿重)

Table 4 Effects of dietary starch on body composition of gibel carp (% wet weight)

生长阶段Growth stage	饲料 Diet	鱼体组分Fish body composition
生长阶段Growth stage	饲料 Diet	水分Moisture	灰分Ash	粗蛋白Crude protein	粗脂肪Crude lipid
D63	S3	71.62±1.25^ab	4.35±0.16^ab	16.71±0.76	5.33±0.30^a
	S13	66.94±2.47^a	5.02±0.22^b	18.42±1.41	5.53±0.06^a
	S23	70.27±3.77^ab	4.18±0.49^ab	15.19±2.71	7.20±0.81^b
	S33	75.06±1.48^b	3.63±0.28^a	14.75±0.90	6.54±0.32^ab
	S43	69.88±1.26^ab	4.29±0.15^ab	17.23±0.77	7.03±0.45^b
D110	S3	71.57±0.24^ab	4.41±0.06	17.54±0.59	6.45±0.43^a
	S13	71.94±0.45^b	4.36±0.09	16.84±0.47	9.53±0.39^c
	S23	70.34±0.94^a	4.31±0.11	17.62±0.63	6.96±0.39^ab
	S33	71.17±0.08^ab	4.30±0.12	17.18±0.37	8.25±0.49^b
	S43	70.74±0.25^ab	4.32±0.06	17.85±0.10	7.35±0.29^ab
D223	S3	71.96±0.21^a	5.28±0.55	15.91±1.71	4.93±0.72
	S13	72.32±0.41^ab	5.71±0.08	17.42±0.16	5.11±0.26
	S23	73.10±0.34^b	5.45±0.15	17.49±0.20	4.75±0.50
	S33	73.2±0.27^b	5.81±0.32	17.40±0.05	5.32±0.55
	S43	72.87±0.18^ab	5.64±0.06	17.88±0.15	4.56±0.34
D275	S3	72.14±0.25	3.79±0.51^b	17.28±0.34	5.54±0.16
	S13	72.76±0.11	3.19±0.51^ab	17.36±1.02	5.51±0.31
	S23	72.55±0.57	2.12±0.11^a	16.01±0.65	3.85±0.11
	S33	71.95±0.30	2.56±0.40^ab	17.53±0.15	4.61±0.18
	S43	71.33±1.06	2.23±0.14^a	17.34±0.77	5.97±0.44
D340	S3	69.56±0.48^ab	4.81±0.16	15.96±1.15^a	6.14±0.85
	S13	71.91±1.79^b	4.43±0.31	17.86±0.21^ab	5.84±0.48
	S23	67.88±0.22^a	4.72±0.11	18.91±0.33^ab	7.30±0.28
	S33	69.10±0.22^ab	4.50±0.18	19.94±1.89^b	6.55±0.27
	S43	69.08±0.52^ab	5.10±0.44	19.09±0.53^ab	7.13±0.84
注: 表中数值为平均值±标准误, 相同时间点同列有不同上标英文字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)Note: Values are presented as mean±SE. Values in the same index with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05)

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