EFFECTS OF DIETARY AFLATOXIN B1 ON GROWTH, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND TISSUE ACCUMULATION OF JUVENILE MARBLED EEL (ANGUILLA MARMORATA)
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摘要: 以含不同浓度黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1) (0、10、100和1000 μg/kg饲料)的4种饲料饲喂平均初始体重为(6.41±0.10) g的花鳗鲡(Anguilla marmorata)幼鱼56d, 探讨AFB1对花鳗鲡幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力、肝脏组织结构及鱼体肌肉中的毒素积累的影响。结果表明, 各实验组幼鱼均未表现出行为及体色的异常。1000 μg/kg毒素组幼鱼的存活率、终末体重、摄食率、特定生长率和饲料效率显著低于对照组, 10 μg/kg毒素组和100 μg/kg毒素组与对照组无显著差异。10 μg/kg毒素组幼鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量与对照组无显著差异。饲料AFB1含量≥100 μg/kg显著影响花鳗鲡幼鱼肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)活性。对照组和10 μg/kg毒素组幼鱼肝脏组织学观察未发现明显病理变化。1000 μg/kg毒素组幼鱼的肝脏细胞表现出严重的空泡化。随着饲料AFB1水平的升高, 幼鱼肝脏和肌肉中AFB1积累量均显著升高。1000 μg/kg毒素组幼鱼肝脏和肌肉中AFB1积累量分别为17.75和5.98 μg/kg, 均超过FDA食品安全限定标准(5 μg/kg)。由此可见, 饲料中AFB1≤10 μg/kg对花鳗鲡幼鱼是相对安全的浓度。Abstract: To evaluate the effects of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, histological changes and accumulation in juvenile marbled eel (Anguilla marmorata), triplicate groups of marbled eel with initial body weight of [(6.41±0.10) g] were fed with four diets containing 0, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/kg AFB1 for a 56-day trial. No unusual behavior or external changes were observed in fish fed diets containing AFB1. Significant lower survival rate, Final Body Weight (FBW), Feeding Rate (FR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Efficiency (FE) were observed in 1000 μg/kg AFB1 group, while no significant differences were found among other groups. There were no significant differences in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver between the control and 10 μg/kg AFB1 diet group. AFB1 above 100 μg/kg significantly impacted activities of liver SOD, GSH-Px and GST. No significant histological lesions in liver were identified under the microscope in the control and 10 μg/kg AFB1 diet groups. Severe vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes was found in 1000 μg/kg AFB1 group. AFB1 accumulation in liver and muscle significantly increased with increased dietary AFB1 levels, with 17.75 and 5.98 μg/kg in 1000 μg/kg AFB1 group, respectively, which are above the safety limitation of 5 μg/kg as proposed by FDA. These results indicate that 10 μg/kg AFB1 is the safe level in juvenile marbled eel diet.
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Keywords:
- Aflatoxin B1 /
- Juvenile marbled eel /
- Growth /
- Antioxidant capacity /
- Liver /
- Toxin accumulation
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图 1 饲料中AFB1对花鳗鲡幼鱼肝脏组织学的影响(H&E, 标尺为50 μm)
箭头指示的为肝脏细胞的空泡化Arrow indicated vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes
Figure 1. Liver of juvenile marbled eel fed with diets containing AFB1 (H&E, Bar=50 μm)
表 1 饲料AFB1水平对花鳗鲡幼鱼初始体重(IBW)、终末体重(FBW)、存活率(SR)、摄食率(FR)、特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FE)的影响(平均值±标准误)*
Table 1 Effects of dietary AFB1 on Initial Body Weight (IBW), Final Body Weight (FBW), Survival Rate (SR), Feeding Rate (FR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Efficiency (FE) of juvenile marbled eel (Mean±SE) *
指标Index AFB1添加量Supplemented AFB1
(μg/kg diet)0 10 100 1000 初始体重IBW (g) 6.43±0.06 6.39±0.08 6.42±0.10 6.40±0.05 终末体重FBW (g) 11.5±0.2a 11.8±0.4a 10.7±0.4a 8.0±0.5b 存活率SR (%) 93.3±4.4a 91.7±3.3ab 90.0±2.9ab 80.0±2.9b 摄食率FR (%BW/d) 1.54±0.01a 1.59±0.04a 1.40±0.00a 0.75±0.15b 特定生长率SGR (%/d) 1.04±0.03a 1.09±0.06a 0.91±0.10a 0.38±0.12b 饲料效率FE (%) 65.7±1.8a 66.4±1.7a 63.2±6.5ab 48.8±6.4b 注: *同列数据后面英文字母不同者表示各组之间差异显著 (P<0.05); 下同Note: * Different superscript letters within each column represent significant differences (P<0.05). The same applies below 
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表 2 饲料AFB1水平对花鳗鲡幼鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响(平均值±标准误)
Table 2 Effects of dietary AFB1 on liver activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA) of juvenile marbled eel (Mean±SE)
指标Index AFB1添加量Supplemented AFB1(μg/kg diet) 0 10 100 1000 SOD (U/mg prot) 281.0±7.3a 295.9±5.9a 256.9±5.8b 245.0±1.7b CAT (U/mg prot) 123.5±12.2a 119.6±10.5ab 118.8±9.3ab 89.3±4.1b GSH-Px (U/mg prot) 372.7±15.6a 389.5±13.6a 283.7±7.3b 262.1±14.9b GST (U/mg prot) 255.0±10.2a 256.0±12.8a 206.1±6.2b 175.6±17.9b MDA (nmol /mg prot) 3.55±0.12a 3.79±0.08ab 3.69±0.25ab 4.32±0.24b
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表 3 饲料中AFB1水平对花鳗鲡幼鱼肝脏和肌肉AFB1积累(μg/kg 湿重)的影响(平均值±标准误)
Table 3 Effects of dietary AFB1 on AFB1 accumulation (μg/kg wet weight) in liver and muscle of juvenile marbled eel (Mean±SE)
指标Index AFB1添加量Supplemented AFB1 (μg/kg diet) 0 10 100 1000 肝脏AFB1积累量AFB1 accumulation in hepatopancreas 0.25±
0.07a3.21±
0.56b9.21±
0.58c17.75±
1.48d肌肉AFB1积累量AFB1 accumulation in muscle 0.13±
0.07a1.20±
0.16b3.49±
0.27c5.98±
0.18d
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