重金属污染区秋季浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF PHYTOPLANKTON AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS WITH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION DISTRICTS IN AUTUMN

  • 摘要: 为探究重金属污染区秋季浮游植物群落特征及其影响因子, 2019年11月对攸县和万山不同类型水体进行了采样调查, 共检出浮游植物7门52属67种, 结果显示不同类型水体间浮游植物群落结构差异不显著(R= –0.022, P=0.549), 攸县和万山浮游植物群落结构存在差异(R=0.152, P=0.083); 但均以绿藻、硅藻和蓝藻为主; 细胞密度变化范围为1.11×104—1.17×107 cells/L; 物种数分别为10—31种和6—18种, Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数分别为2.28—3.29和0.482—2.401, 均匀性指数分别为0.979—0.996和0.244—0.742, 两地的多样性指数存在显著差异(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示: 浮游植物细胞密度与CODMn、TOC、ORP呈显著正相关, 与Cr、Se、Ba、V呈显著负相关; Mantel test显示CODMn、WT、pH、TC、IC、\rmPO_4^3 - -P及Co、Ni、Zn、Cd和Pb是影响浮游植物群落的关键因子; CCA分析显示常规理化因子对攸县和万山浮游植物群落的影响大于重金属。研究表明, 重金属污染区水体浮游植物群落结构存在显著的地域差异, 重金属离子含量及常规理化因子对群落结构特征均存在显著的影响。

     

    Abstract: To study the community structure of phytoplankton in different aquatic bodies polluted by heavy metals and its relationships with environmental factors, field surveys were conducted in Youxian County and Wanshan District in November 2019. A total of 67 phytoplankton species were identified, belonging to 7 phyla and 52 genera. The community structure of phytoplankton has no remarkable difference between different water types (R=–0.022, P=0.549), but the two study areas were different (R=0.152, P=0.083). The communities were dominated by Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Cyanophyta. The phytoplankton abundance ranged from 1.11×104 to 1.17×107. The species richness of the phytoplankton community was 10—31 in Youxian County and 6—18 in Wanshan District, the Shannon-Wiener index of the phytoplankton community was 2.28—3.29 in Youxian County and 0.482—2.401 in Wanshan District, the evenness index of the phytoplankton community was 0.979—0.996 in Youxian County and 0.244—0.742 in Wanshan District. These three indices showed significant differences in different districts (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that CODMn, TOC and ORP were significantly positively correlated with phytoplankton abundance, and Cr, Se, Ba and V were significantly negatively correlated with phytoplankton abundance. Mantel test analysis indicated that CODMn, WT, pH, TC, IC, \rmPO_4^3 - -P and Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb were the key factors that explain the phytoplankton community structure. The canonical correlation analysis indicated that the changes in the phytoplankton community were more related to routine physics and chemistry index than to heavy metals. There were significant differences in phytoplankton community structure in heavy metal polluted areas, and heavy metal ion content and routine physics and chemistry index had significant influences on the community structure. These results provide a research basis for isolating heavy metal tolerant algal strains and carrying out subsequent transformation. Meanwhile, the research is of great significance to the management and protection of water ecosystem.

     

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