饲料中添加螺旋藻和叶黄素对杂交黄颡鱼生长、抗氧化能力和体色异常调控的比较研究

THE EFFECTS OF ARTHROSPIRA PLATENSIS AND LUTEIN ON THE GROWTH, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND PIGMENTATION IN HYBRID YELLOW CATFISH (PELTEOBAGRUS FULVIDRACO♀ × PELTEOBAGGRUS VACHELLI♂)

  • 摘要: 研究以杂交黄颡鱼(黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco♀×瓦氏黄颡鱼Pelteobaggrus vachelli♂)“黄优一号”体重(4.79±0.01) g为研究对象, 探究饲料中螺旋藻(Arthrospira platensis)和叶黄素对黄颡鱼生长、抗氧化能力和抗病能力及体色异常调控的影响。实验设计4组饲料, 不添加任何色素源的对照组(Con), 添加2%的螺旋藻组(Spirulina, SP), 添加0.2%的叶黄素组(Lutein, Lut)及添加2%螺旋藻和0.1%溶血磷脂组(Spirulina+Lysophospholipids SPL)。720尾鱼随机放入12个缸, 每缸60尾鱼, 先使用对照组饲料投喂20d至体表颜色异常, 再用4种饲料饲养35d, 共4个处理, 每个处理3个重复。在养殖实验结束后进行嗜水气单胞菌攻毒实验。研究结果表明, 各个处理组间特定生长率(SGR)和摄食率(FR)均没有显著差异(P>0.05); 但SP和SPL组饲料效率(FE)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各组间全鱼水分、 蛋白和脂肪含量没有显著差异(P>0.05)。各组间实验鱼皮肤亮度没有显著性差异(P>0.05); 但SP和SPL组皮肤黄度和饱和度显著高于另外两组(P<0.05); 同时, SP和SPL组背部皮肤红度显著高于对照组(P<0.05); SPL组腹部皮肤红度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。SP和SPL组腹部皮肤叶黄素含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著低于另外3个处理组(P<0.05); 各组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性没有显著性差异(P>0.05); SPL组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著高于叶黄素和对照组(P<0.05); SP和SPL组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于另外2个处理组(P<0.05)。SP和SPL组的实验鱼感染嗜水气单胞菌后的累计存活率显著高于叶黄素和对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述, 黄颡鱼“黄优一号”在前期投喂缺乏色素的饲料造成体色异常后, 在饲料中添加螺旋藻或配合添加溶血卵磷脂比叶黄素更有效的改善鱼体的体色, 同时更能提高黄颡鱼的抗氧化能力和抗病力。

     

    Abstract: Arthrospira platensis is rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids, pigments carotenoids, essential fatty acids and antioxidant compounds. Carotenoids, including lutein, β-carotene, astaxanthin and so forth, which dissolve in fat and result in yellow, red, orange, and green pigmentation of the eggs, skin, and flesh of many fish species. Antioxidant compounds, such as phycocyanin, and tocopherols have significant effects on scavenging free radicals. Lutein is considered as an effective functional compound benefiting human health and widely used as a natural food colorant due to its antioxidant potential and the intense yellow color. However, high density in intensive aquaculture has let to outbreaks of bacterial infections that caused high mortality of yellow catfish, which impeded the further rapid development of the yellow catfish culture industry. Nutritional and environmental factors can cause abnormal body color, which also has a negative effect on the quality and value of fish. To evaluate the effects of Arthrospira platensis and lutein on the growth, pigmentation, antioxidant capacity and disease resistance in hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco♀×Pelteobaggrus vachelli♂), four isonitrogenous (400 g crude protein/kg diet) and isolipidic (85 g crude lipid/kg diet) diets containing 2% A. platensis (SP), 0.2% lutein (Lut), 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids (SPL) and without pigments (Control) were designed. A total of 720 fish initial body weight of (4.79±0.01) g were stocked into 12 tanks at a density of 60 fish per tank. Fish were fed a diet without pigments for 20 days, then fed four experimental diets for 35 days. A bacterial challenge test using Aeromonas hydrophila was subsequently conducted. The results indicated that there were no significant difference in final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR) and feeding rate (FR) among all groups (P>0.05). The feed efficiency (FE) of the 2% A. platensis and 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids groups were significantly higher than those of the 0.2% lutein and control groups (P<0.05), and supplementing 0.1% lysophospholipids significantly increased feed efficiency (P<0.05). The protein retention efficiency (PRE) of the control group was the lowest (P<0.05), and 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids had the highest PRE (P<0.05). The chemical composition results showed that there were no difference on moisture, crude protein and crude lipid of the whole body of each group (P>0.05), while the ash content in 0.2% lutein and 2% A. platensis groups were lower than the control group (P<0.05). There was no difference on the skin lightness between different groups, while the skin yellowness of the 2% A. platensis and 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids groups were significantly higher than those in the 0.2% lutein and control groups (P<0.05). The skin redness of the 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05), and the redness of dorsal skin in the 2% A. platensis group had similar results. The skin chroma of the 2% A. platensis and 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids groups were significantly higher than those in the 0.2% lutein and control groups (P < 0.05). The lutein contents in abdominal skin of the 2% A. platensis and 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids groups were 18.65 and 18.10 µg/g, respectively, which significantly increased compared with the control group (13.16 µg/g) and the initial level (13.32 µg/g) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in lutein content in dorsal skin among all groups (P>0.05). The experimental fish fed 2% A. platensis and 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids had better body color. Dietary A. platensis and lutein significantly increased the activities of plasma SOD (P<0.05). The activities of plasma GPX and the contents of plasma GSH in the 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids group were higher than those in the 0.2% lutein and control groups (P<0.05). The MDA contents decreased significantly in the 2% A. platensis and 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids groups (P<0.05). 96h post challenge with A. hydrophila, the cumulative survival rates of yellow catfish of 2% A. platensis, 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids, 0.2% lutein and control groups were 20.83%, 16.67%, 5.55% and 0, respectively. The cumulative survival rates of yellow catfish of 2% A. platensis, 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids were significantly higher compared to those of 0.2% lutein and control groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplemental A. platensis can increase pigmentation and enhance total antioxidant capacity and disease resistance of hybrid yellow catfish. Lutein can also effectively enhance pigmentation, and lysophospholipids can significantly improve feed utilization. However, dietary A. platensis is more effective than lutein in improving the body color and enhancing antioxidant capacity and disease resistance of hybrid yellow catfish.

     

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