饲料中添加螺旋藻和叶黄素对杂交黄颡鱼生长、抗氧化能力和体色异常调控的比较研究

刘翠; 刘昊昆; 朱晓鸣; 韩冬; 金俊琰; 杨云霞; 解绶启

doi:10.7541/2021.2020.139

饲料中添加螺旋藻和叶黄素对杂交黄颡鱼生长、抗氧化能力和体色异常调控的比较研究

刘翠^1,2,,
刘昊昆¹,
朱晓鸣^1,3,
韩冬^1,3,
金俊琰¹,
杨云霞^1, ,,
解绶启^1,3

1.
中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室, 武汉 430072
2.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.
湖北省水产动物营养与饲料工程技术研究中心, 武汉 430072

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900400); 国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-46); 淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室资助课题(2019FBZ02和2019FBZ05)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
刘翠(1993—), 女, 博士研究生; 主要从事鱼类生理生态学研究。E-mail: liucui@ihb.ac.cn

通信作者:
杨云霞(1961—), 女, 高级实验师; 主要从事鱼类生理生态学研究。E-mail: yxyang@ihb.ac.cn

中图分类号: S965.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-11
- 修回日期: 2020-11-10
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-19
- 发布日期: 2021-09-08

THE EFFECTS OF ARTHROSPIRA PLATENSIS AND LUTEIN ON THE GROWTH, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND PIGMENTATION IN HYBRID YELLOW CATFISH (PELTEOBAGRUS FULVIDRACO♀ × PELTEOBAGGRUS VACHELLI♂)

1.
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan 430072, China

Funds: Supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (2018YFD0900400); China Agriculture Research System (CARS-46); the State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology (2019FBZ02, 2019FBZ05)

Corresponding author:

摘要

摘要: 研究以杂交黄颡鱼(黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco♀×瓦氏黄颡鱼Pelteobaggrus vachelli♂)“黄优一号”[体重(4.79±0.01) g]为研究对象, 探究饲料中螺旋藻(Arthrospira platensis)和叶黄素对黄颡鱼生长、抗氧化能力和抗病能力及体色异常调控的影响。实验设计4组饲料, 不添加任何色素源的对照组(Con), 添加2%的螺旋藻组(Spirulina, SP), 添加0.2%的叶黄素组(Lutein, Lut)及添加2%螺旋藻和0.1%溶血磷脂组(Spirulina+Lysophospholipids SPL)。720尾鱼随机放入12个缸, 每缸60尾鱼, 先使用对照组饲料投喂20d至体表颜色异常, 再用4种饲料饲养35d, 共4个处理, 每个处理3个重复。在养殖实验结束后进行嗜水气单胞菌攻毒实验。研究结果表明, 各个处理组间特定生长率(SGR)和摄食率(FR)均没有显著差异(P>0.05); 但SP和SPL组饲料效率(FE)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各组间全鱼水分、蛋白和脂肪含量没有显著差异(P>0.05)。各组间实验鱼皮肤亮度没有显著性差异(P>0.05); 但SP和SPL组皮肤黄度和饱和度显著高于另外两组(P<0.05); 同时, SP和SPL组背部皮肤红度显著高于对照组(P<0.05); SPL组腹部皮肤红度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。SP和SPL组腹部皮肤叶黄素含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著低于另外3个处理组(P<0.05); 各组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性没有显著性差异(P>0.05); SPL组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著高于叶黄素和对照组(P<0.05); SP和SPL组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于另外2个处理组(P<0.05)。SP和SPL组的实验鱼感染嗜水气单胞菌后的累计存活率显著高于叶黄素和对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述, 黄颡鱼“黄优一号”在前期投喂缺乏色素的饲料造成体色异常后, 在饲料中添加螺旋藻或配合添加溶血卵磷脂比叶黄素更有效的改善鱼体的体色, 同时更能提高黄颡鱼的抗氧化能力和抗病力。
- 螺旋藻 /
- 叶黄素 /
- 杂交黄颡鱼 /
- 体色 /
- 抗氧化能力
Abstract: Arthrospira platensis is rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids, pigments carotenoids, essential fatty acids and antioxidant compounds. Carotenoids, including lutein, β-carotene, astaxanthin and so forth, which dissolve in fat and result in yellow, red, orange, and green pigmentation of the eggs, skin, and flesh of many fish species. Antioxidant compounds, such as phycocyanin, and tocopherols have significant effects on scavenging free radicals. Lutein is considered as an effective functional compound benefiting human health and widely used as a natural food colorant due to its antioxidant potential and the intense yellow color. However, high density in intensive aquaculture has let to outbreaks of bacterial infections that caused high mortality of yellow catfish, which impeded the further rapid development of the yellow catfish culture industry. Nutritional and environmental factors can cause abnormal body color, which also has a negative effect on the quality and value of fish. To evaluate the effects of Arthrospira platensis and lutein on the growth, pigmentation, antioxidant capacity and disease resistance in hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco♀×Pelteobaggrus vachelli♂), four isonitrogenous (400 g crude protein/kg diet) and isolipidic (85 g crude lipid/kg diet) diets containing 2% A. platensis (SP), 0.2% lutein (Lut), 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids (SPL) and without pigments (Control) were designed. A total of 720 fish [initial body weight of (4.79±0.01) g] were stocked into 12 tanks at a density of 60 fish per tank. Fish were fed a diet without pigments for 20 days, then fed four experimental diets for 35 days. A bacterial challenge test using Aeromonas hydrophila was subsequently conducted. The results indicated that there were no significant difference in final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR) and feeding rate (FR) among all groups (P>0.05). The feed efficiency (FE) of the 2% A. platensis and 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids groups were significantly higher than those of the 0.2% lutein and control groups (P<0.05), and supplementing 0.1% lysophospholipids significantly increased feed efficiency (P<0.05). The protein retention efficiency (PRE) of the control group was the lowest (P<0.05), and 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids had the highest PRE (P<0.05). The chemical composition results showed that there were no difference on moisture, crude protein and crude lipid of the whole body of each group (P>0.05), while the ash content in 0.2% lutein and 2% A. platensis groups were lower than the control group (P<0.05). There was no difference on the skin lightness between different groups, while the skin yellowness of the 2% A. platensis and 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids groups were significantly higher than those in the 0.2% lutein and control groups (P<0.05). The skin redness of the 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05), and the redness of dorsal skin in the 2% A. platensis group had similar results. The skin chroma of the 2% A. platensis and 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids groups were significantly higher than those in the 0.2% lutein and control groups (P < 0.05). The lutein contents in abdominal skin of the 2% A. platensis and 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids groups were 18.65 and 18.10 µg/g, respectively, which significantly increased compared with the control group (13.16 µg/g) and the initial level (13.32 µg/g) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in lutein content in dorsal skin among all groups (P>0.05). The experimental fish fed 2% A. platensis and 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids had better body color. Dietary A. platensis and lutein significantly increased the activities of plasma SOD (P<0.05). The activities of plasma GPX and the contents of plasma GSH in the 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids group were higher than those in the 0.2% lutein and control groups (P<0.05). The MDA contents decreased significantly in the 2% A. platensis and 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids groups (P<0.05). 96h post challenge with A. hydrophila, the cumulative survival rates of yellow catfish of 2% A. platensis, 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids, 0.2% lutein and control groups were 20.83%, 16.67%, 5.55% and 0, respectively. The cumulative survival rates of yellow catfish of 2% A. platensis, 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids were significantly higher compared to those of 0.2% lutein and control groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplemental A. platensis can increase pigmentation and enhance total antioxidant capacity and disease resistance of hybrid yellow catfish. Lutein can also effectively enhance pigmentation, and lysophospholipids can significantly improve feed utilization. However, dietary A. platensis is more effective than lutein in improving the body color and enhancing antioxidant capacity and disease resistance of hybrid yellow catfish.
- Arthrospira platensis /
- Lutein /
- Hybrid yellow catfish /
- Pigmentation /
- Antioxidation

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图 1 不同养殖阶段和不同处理组的实验鱼

Con. 对照组, 不添加色素; SP. 添加2% 螺旋藻; Lut. 添加0.2% 叶黄素; SPL. 添加添加2% 螺旋藻和0.1%溶血卵磷脂

Figure 1. The fish of different stage and different treatment groups

Con. without pigments; SP. 2% A. platensis; Lut. 0.2% lutein; SPL. 2% A. platensis with 0.1% lysophospholipids

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图 2 不同处理组对黄颡鱼攻毒后96h累计存活率的影响

每个数值为3个重复的平均值(n=12)。标记有*表示该实验组与对照组在某一时间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)

Figure 2. The cumulative survival rate (%) of yellow catfish fed with different diets challenging with A. hydrophila for 96h

Each datum represents the mean of three replicates (n=12). Markers assigned with * mean significantly difference between experimental groups and the control group at a specific sampling time (P<0.05)

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表 1 饲料配方及生化组成

Table 1 Formulation and chemical composition of experimental diets

原料Ingredients (%干物质 Dry matter)	Con	SP	Lut	SPL
鱼粉Fishmeal¹	30.00	28.24	30.00	28.24
螺旋藻A. platensis²	0.00	2.00	0.00	2.00
叶黄素Lutein³	0.00	0.00	0.20	0.00
溶血磷脂Lysophospholipids	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.10
豆粕Soybean meal	18.25	18.25	18.25	18.25
菜粕Rapeseed meal	18.30	18.30	18.30	18.30
面粉Wheat flour	15.00	15.00	15.00	15.00
鱼油Fish oil	2.54	2.54	2.54	2.54
豆油Soybean oil	2.54	2.54	2.54	2.54
纤维素Cellulose	4.87	4.63	4.67	4.53
维生素预混Vitamin premix⁴	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.39
矿物盐预混Mineral premix⁵	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
CMC	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
胆碱Choline chloride	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.11
化学组成Chemical composition (%)
水分Moisture	7.88	6.42	6.99	7.31
干物质Dry matter
粗蛋白Crude protein	39.80	39.60	39.55	39.05
粗脂肪Crude lipid	8.61	8.37	8.75	8.05
叶黄素Lutein (µg/g)	4.23	7.52	8.66	7.50
注: ¹鱼粉: 白鱼粉, 美国海鲜公司; ²螺旋藻: 内蒙古鄂尔多斯绿蚨源螺旋藻业有限公司; ³叶黄素: 总叶黄素≥20.00 g/kg, 水分≤8.0%, 广州立达尔生物科技股份有限公司; ⁴维生素预混物 (mg/kg 饲料): 维生素A, 1.65; 维生素D, 0.025; 维生素E, 50; 维生素K, 10; 维生素C, 100; 硫胺素, 20; 核黄素, 20; 维生素B6, 20; 维生素B12, 0.02; 叶酸, 5; 泛酸钙, 50; 肌醇, 100; 烟酸, 100; 生物素, 0.1; 纤维素, 645.2; ⁵矿物盐预混物(mg/kg 饲料): 氯化钠, 500; 七水合硫酸镁, 8155.6; 二水合磷酸二氢钠, 12500.0; 磷酸二氢钾, 16000.0; 二水合磷酸氢钙, 7650.6; 七水合硫酸亚铁, 2286.2; 五水合乳酸钙, 1750.0; 七水合硫酸锌, 178.0; 一水合硫酸锰, 61.4; 五水合硫酸铜, 15.5; 七水合硫酸钴, 0.5; 碘化钾, 1.5; 玉米淀粉, 753.7Note: ¹ Fishmeal: White fishmeal, American Seafood Compay, Seattle, Washington, USA; ² A. platensis: Lvfuyuan company, Ordos, China; ³ Lutein: Total lutein≥20.00 g/kg, moisture≤8.0%, Guangzhou leader bio-technology CO., LTD; ⁴ Vitamin premix (mg/kg diet): Vitamin A, 1.65; Vitamin D, 0.025; Vitamin E, 50; Vitamin K, 10; Vitamin C, 100; Thiamin, 20; Riboflavin, 20; Pyridoxine, 20; Cyanocobalamine, 0.02; Folic acid, 5; Calcium patotheniate, 50; Inositol, 100; Niacin, 100; Biotin, 0.1; Cellulose, 645.2; ⁵ Mineral premix (mg/kg diet): NaCl, 500; MgSO₄·7H₂O, 8155.6; NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O, 12500.0; KH₂PO₄, 16000.0; CaHPO₄·H₂O, 7650.6; FeSO₄·7H₂O, 2286.2; C₆H₁₀CaO₆·5H₂O, 1750.0; ZnSO₄·7H₂O, 178.0; MnSO₄·H₂O, 61.4; CuSO₄·5H₂O, 15.5; CoSO₄·7H₂O, 0.5; KI, 1.5; Corn starch, 753.7

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表 2 不同实验饲料对黄颡鱼生长和饲料利用的影响

Table 2 Effects of different diets on growth and feed utilization of yellow catfish (n=3)

指标Index	Con	SP	Lut	SPL
初始体重IBW (g)¹	4.78±0.02	4.79±0.01	4.80±0.01	4.80±0.01
20d体重20 days BW (g)²	8.64±0.15	8.46±0.34	8.81±0.42	8.30±0.14
终末体重FBW (g)³	18.93±0.15	19.73±1.38	17.99±1.25	18.73±1.64
特定生长率SGR (%/d)⁴	1.98±0.18	2.23±0.18	1.78±0.20	2.37±0.07
饲料效率FE (%)⁵	31.48±4.66^a	48.50±2.17^b	38.40±5.56^ab	63.20±2.11^c
摄食率FR (%BW/d)⁶	3.56±0.32	3.16±0.04	3.39±0.22	3.36±0.18
蛋白沉积率PRE (%)⁷	14.03±2.34^a	22.03±0.93^b	19.10±1.47^b	27.88±0.06^c
注: 表中数据表示为平均值±标准误(n=3), 同行数值不同上标英文字母表示差异显著(P<0.05); 下同; ¹初始体重 IBW (g): Initial body weight; ²20d体重 20 days BW (g): 20 days body weight; ³终末体重 FBW (g): Final body weight; ⁴特定生长率 SGR (%/d)=100×[ln(终末体重)–ln(初始体重)]/天数; ⁵饲料效率 FE(%)=(100×鱼体总增重)/饲料干物质摄入量; ⁶摄食率 FR (%BW/d)=100×干物质摄食量/[天数×(初始体重+终末体重)/2]; ⁷蛋白质沉积率 PRE (%)=(100×鱼体蛋白质沉积量) /蛋白质摄入量Note: Date presented are Mean±SE (n=3), Values in the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different (P<0.05). The same applies below. ⁴Specific growth rate (%/d)=100×[ln(FBW)–ln(IBW)]/days; ⁵Feed efficiency (%)=(100×fresh body weight gain)/dry feed intake; ⁶Feed rate (%BW/d)=100×dry feed intake/[days×(IBW+FBW)/2]; ⁷Protein retention efficiency (%)=(100×body retained protein)/protein intake

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表 3 不同实验饲料对黄颡鱼的鱼体组成的影响

Table 3 Effects of different diets on body chemical composition of yellow catfish (%; n=3)

成分Composition	Con	SP	Lut	SPL
水分Moisture	74.98±0.25	74.16±0.32	74.36±0.91	73.13±0.56
粗蛋白Crude protein	14.30±0.11	14.58±0.09	14.34±0.23	14.57±0.25
粗脂肪Crude lipid	5.77±0.46	6.77±0.46	7.52±0.16	7.54±0.61
灰分Ash	3.66±0.06^b	3.48±0.05^ab	3.36±0.06^a	3.29±0.06^a

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表 4 不同实验饲料对黄颡鱼皮肤的颜色的影响

Table 4 Body color of yellow catfish fed different experimental diets (n=9)

皮肤Skin		Con	SP	Lut	SPL
背部皮肤Dorsal skin	亮度 L	38.92±1.36	40.01±1.48	40.57±1.43	38.85±1.93
	红度 a*	–2.56±0.23^b	–3.22±0.33^a	–3.42±0.19^ab	–3.69±0.26^a
	黄度 b*	5.42±0.43^a	7.07±0.78^b	8.95±0.48^a	9.37±0.77^b
	饱和度 C	5.9 ±0.49^a	9.60±0.48^b	7.31±0.70^a	10.45±0.8^b
腹部皮肤Abdominal skin	亮度 L	83.69±0.36	83.07±0.28	82.86±0.32	82.85±0.31
	红度 a*	–7.22±0.24^b	–7.81±0.35^ab	–7.86±0.25^ab	–8.53±0.36^a
	黄度 b*	13.69±0.90^a	17.68±0.86^c	22.46±1.72^b	24.43±0.69^c
	饱和度 C	15.51±0.85^a	26.16±1.11^c	19.34±0.91^b	25.18±0.99^c

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表 5 不同实验饲料对黄颡鱼皮肤叶黄素含量的影响

Table 5 Effects of different diets on skin lutein contents of yellow catfish (µg/g)

皮肤Skin	20d	Con	SP	Lut	SPL
背部皮肤Dorsal skin	15.03±1.88	16.90±0.91	18.27±0.50	17.31±1.30	16.70±0.99
腹部皮肤Abdominal skin	13.32±1.39^a	13.16±1.42^a	18.65±0.78^b	15.98±1.38^ab	18.10±1.64^b

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表 6 不同实验饲料对黄颡鱼血浆抗氧化产物和抗氧化酶活性的影响

Table 6 Effects of different diets on oxidant and antioxidant activities in the plasma of yellow catfish (n=6)

指标Index	Con	SP	Lut	SPL
超氧化物歧化酶SOD (U/mL)	9.29±1.21^a	14.97±0.93^b	13.48±1.24^b	13.84±1.72^b
过氧化氢酶CAT (U/mL)	30.38±1.89	31.39±1.99	31.81±1.63	33.62±0.83
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GPX (U/mL)	38.78±1.82^a	44.64±3.30^ab	41.46±3.83^a	53.66±3.01^b
还原型谷胱甘肽GSH (µmol/L)	15.13±1.56^a	20.85±2.08^ab	16.78±1.64^a	25.33±2.17^b
丙二醛MDA (µmol/L)	5.96±0.42^b	4.51±0.40^a	6.81±0.59^b	4.59±0.29^a

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饲料中添加螺旋藻和叶黄素对杂交黄颡鱼生长、抗氧化能力和体色异常调控的比较研究

作者简介: 刘翠(1993—), 女, 博士研究生; 主要从事鱼类生理生态学研究。E-mail: liucui@ihb.ac.cn

通信作者: 杨云霞(1961—), 女, 高级实验师; 主要从事鱼类生理生态学研究。E-mail: yxyang@ihb.ac.cn

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THE EFFECTS OF ARTHROSPIRA PLATENSIS AND LUTEIN ON THE GROWTH, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND PIGMENTATION IN HYBRID YELLOW CATFISH (PELTEOBAGRUS FULVIDRACO♀ × PELTEOBAGGRUS VACHELLI♂)

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作者简介:
刘翠(1993—), 女, 博士研究生; 主要从事鱼类生理生态学研究。E-mail: liucui@ihb.ac.cn

通信作者:
杨云霞(1961—), 女, 高级实验师; 主要从事鱼类生理生态学研究。E-mail: yxyang@ihb.ac.cn