EFFECTS OF INNER-CIRCULATION POND AQUACULTURE ON DISTRIBUTION AND RELEASE FLUX OF PHOSPHORUS IN THE OVERLAYING-SEDIMENT-INTERSTITIAL WATER
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摘要: 为了揭示池塘内循环流水养殖模式(Inner-circulation Pond Aquaculture, IPA)上覆水-沉积物-间隙水不同磷形态时空分布特征, 探讨沉积物-水界面磷的释放通量及其主要影响因素, 在IPA一条水槽前后端设置6个采样点, 共设置4条, 同时对常规传统池塘(Usual Pond Aquaculture, UPA)设置5个采样点, 采用SMT(磷形态标准测试程序)法测量沉积物中磷的形态组成, 对上覆水-沉积物-间隙水磷时空分布特征进行了分析, 统计了磷释放通量及主要影响环境因子的关系。结果表明: (1)从整体上, IPA上覆水及间隙水中不同形态磷含量低于UPA, 且IPA水体磷空间分布差异较大, 水槽后端沉积物向上覆水释放, 水槽前端则表现为上覆水向沉积物汇集; (2)在养殖中后期, 空间上, IPA水槽后端沉积物不同磷形态随着距离增加逐渐降低, 且均低于UPA; 时间上, 2种模式TP、IP、OP和Fe/Al-P随着养殖的进行而显著增加, Ca-P呈先降低后增加的趋势; (3)UPA基本表现为沉积物对磷的吸收, 而IPA磷释放通量时空差异较大, 养殖初期, 水槽前端表现对磷的吸收, 水槽后端10 m内则少量释放; 至养殖中后期, 槽后端10 m内表现对磷的大量释放; 而后端20和30 m在养殖初期磷通量较小, 至养殖中期均转变为对磷的吸收, 至养殖末期则转变为对磷的释放; (4)2种模式磷通量和环境因子的关系基本一致, TP、IP释放通量和pH呈显著正相关, 各形态磷释放通量和沉积物Eh呈显著负相关, 其中温度的升高对各沉积物不同形态磷的释放有显著的促进作用。综上所述, IPA沉积物磷组分时空差异较大, 主要集中分布在水槽后端10 m内, 且在养殖中后期向上覆水大量集中释放。研究旨在为IPA改进固体颗粒物拦截方法、提高残饵和粪便的收集效率及养殖水环境调控提供理论依据。Abstract: To reveal the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of different phosphorus forms in the overlying-sediment-interstitial water, the release flux of phosphorus at sediment-water interface as well as relevant main influence factors from the Inner-circulation Pond Aquaculture (IPA), 4 IPA tanks were sampled to measure the composition of phosphorus forms in sediment by the Standards Measurements and Testing Program of the European commission (SMT method). Each IPA tank has 6 sampling points at the front and rear ends, and the Usual Pond Aquaculture (UPA) has 5 sampling points. The results showed that: (1) different forms of phosphorus content from overlying and interstitial water of IPA were lower than those of UPA, and the spatial distribution of phosphorus in IPA water body was quite different. The P at the front of water tank diffused from the sediment to overlaying water, while the P at the rear end of water tank collected from overlaying water into sediment. (2) In the middle and later stage of aquaculture, different phosphorus forms in the sediment at the back of IPA tank gradually decreased with the increase of distance, which were lower than those in the UPA. TP, IP, OP and Fe/AL-P increased significantly with the proceeding of agriculture under both modes, while Ca-P showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. (3) In the UPA mode, phosphorus was basically absorbed by the sediment, while in the IPA mode, phosphorus release flux varied greatly with time and space. In the early stage of aquaculture, phosphorus was absorbed at the front end of water tank, and a small amount of phosphorus was released within 10 m from the back end of water tank. In the middle or late stages of aquaculture, a large amount of phosphorus were released from sediment within 10 m from the back end of water tank. At 20 m and 30 m from the rear end, the initial phosphorus flux was small, and phosphorus was absorbed in the middle stage of agriculture, and phosphorus was released at the end of aquaculture. (4) The relationship between phosphorus flux and environmental factors was generally consistent in both models. There was a significant positive correlation between TP/IP release flux and pH, while there was a significant negative correlation between release flux for forms of phosphorus and sediment Eh. The increase of T significantly promoted the release of various inorganic forms of phosphorus. IPA sediment was significantly different in time and space. Sediments were mainly distributed within 10 m from the rear end of water tank, and a large amount of P was released upward into the overlying water in the middle or late stage of aquaculture. This study provides a theoretical support for improving solid particle interception method, promoting efficiency for collection of residual bait and feces, and regulating aquaculture water environment under IPA mode.
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图 2 养殖期内pH、溶解度和温度变化趋势
Figure 2. The change trend of pH, DO and T in the aquaculture period
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图 4 UPA养殖池塘上覆水-间隙水磷垂向特征
Figure 4. Vertical characteristics of phosphorus from overlaying-interstitial water in UPA
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图 5 IPA养殖池塘上覆水-间隙水磷空间特征
Figure 5. Spatial characteristics of phosphorus from overlaying-interstitial water in IPA
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图 6 UPA养殖塘沉积物不同形态磷含量分布特征
Figure 6. Characteristics of phosphorus content distribution from sediments in UPA
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图 7 IPA养殖塘沉积物不同形态磷含量分布特征
Figure 7. Characteristics of phosphorus content distribution from sediments in IPA
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图 8 不同形态磷释放通量空间分布特征
Figure 8. Spatial characteristics of phosphorus emission flux from sediments in UPA and IPA
表 1 两种模式不同形态磷通量与环境因子的相关性分析
Table 1 The relationship between environmental factors and phosphorus emission fluxes of different forms in UPA and IPA
环境因子
Environmental factorUPA IPA(槽后端成沉积物Sediment at the
back of tank)TP IP OP TP IP OP 上覆水pH
Overlaying
water pH0.48* 0.55* 0.42 0.51* 0.55* 0.48 间隙水pH
Interstitial
water pH0.66* 0.58* 0.51 0.55* 0.54* 0.58 上覆水Eh
Overlaying
water Eh0.47 0.52* 0.39 0.49 0.51* 0.47 沉积物Eh
Sediment Eh–0.54* –0.68* –0.44 –0.58* –0.58* –0.47* 上覆水DO
Overlaying
water DO0.61* 0.58 0.53 0.54 0.61 0.45 上覆水T
Overlaying
water T0.65* 0.76** 0.61* 0.67* 0.78** 0.64* 注: *代表显著相关(P<0.05), **代表极显著相关(P<0.01)Note: * indicates significant correlation (P<0.05). ** indicates extremely significant correlation (P<0.05) 
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